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Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders
Rainforest canopies, home to one of the most complex and diverse terrestrial arthropod communities, are threatened by conversion of rainforest into agricultural production systems. However, little is known about how predatory arthropod communities respond to such conversion. To address this, we comp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9390325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35990898 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13898 |
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author | Ramos, Daniel Hartke, Tamara R. Buchori, Damayanti Dupérré, Nadine Hidayat, Purnama Lia, Mayanda Harms, Danilo Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen |
author_facet | Ramos, Daniel Hartke, Tamara R. Buchori, Damayanti Dupérré, Nadine Hidayat, Purnama Lia, Mayanda Harms, Danilo Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen |
author_sort | Ramos, Daniel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rainforest canopies, home to one of the most complex and diverse terrestrial arthropod communities, are threatened by conversion of rainforest into agricultural production systems. However, little is known about how predatory arthropod communities respond to such conversion. To address this, we compared canopy spider (Araneae) communities from lowland rainforest with those from three agricultural systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, i.e., jungle rubber (rubber agroforest) and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Using canopy fogging, we collected 10,676 spider specimens belonging to 36 families and 445 morphospecies. The four most abundant families (Salticidae N = 2,043, Oonopidae N = 1,878, Theridiidae N = 1,533 and Clubionidae N = 1,188) together comprised 62.2% of total individuals, while the four most speciose families, Salticidae (S = 87), Theridiidae (S = 83), Araneidae (S = 48) and Thomisidae (S = 39), contained 57.8% of all morphospecies identified. In lowland rainforest, average abundance, biomass and species richness of canopy spiders was at least twice as high as in rubber or oil palm plantations, with jungle rubber showing similar abundances as rainforest, and intermediate biomass and richness. Community composition of spiders was similar in rainforest and jungle rubber, but differed from rubber and oil palm, which also differed from each other. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that canopy openness, aboveground tree biomass and tree density together explained 18.2% of the variation in spider communities at family level. On a morphospecies level, vascular plant species richness and tree density significantly affected the community composition but explained only 6.8% of the variance. While abundance, biomass and diversity of spiders declined strongly with the conversion of rainforest into monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm, we also found that a large proportion of the rainforest spider community can thrive in extensive agroforestry systems such as jungle rubber. Despite being very different from rainforest, the canopy spider communities in rubber and oil palm plantations may still play a vital role in the biological control of canopy herbivore species, thus contributing important ecosystem services. The components of tree and palm canopy structure identified as major determinants of canopy spider communities may aid in decision-making processes toward establishing cash-crop plantation management systems which foster herbivore control by spiders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9390325 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93903252022-08-20 Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders Ramos, Daniel Hartke, Tamara R. Buchori, Damayanti Dupérré, Nadine Hidayat, Purnama Lia, Mayanda Harms, Danilo Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen PeerJ Biodiversity Rainforest canopies, home to one of the most complex and diverse terrestrial arthropod communities, are threatened by conversion of rainforest into agricultural production systems. However, little is known about how predatory arthropod communities respond to such conversion. To address this, we compared canopy spider (Araneae) communities from lowland rainforest with those from three agricultural systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, i.e., jungle rubber (rubber agroforest) and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Using canopy fogging, we collected 10,676 spider specimens belonging to 36 families and 445 morphospecies. The four most abundant families (Salticidae N = 2,043, Oonopidae N = 1,878, Theridiidae N = 1,533 and Clubionidae N = 1,188) together comprised 62.2% of total individuals, while the four most speciose families, Salticidae (S = 87), Theridiidae (S = 83), Araneidae (S = 48) and Thomisidae (S = 39), contained 57.8% of all morphospecies identified. In lowland rainforest, average abundance, biomass and species richness of canopy spiders was at least twice as high as in rubber or oil palm plantations, with jungle rubber showing similar abundances as rainforest, and intermediate biomass and richness. Community composition of spiders was similar in rainforest and jungle rubber, but differed from rubber and oil palm, which also differed from each other. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that canopy openness, aboveground tree biomass and tree density together explained 18.2% of the variation in spider communities at family level. On a morphospecies level, vascular plant species richness and tree density significantly affected the community composition but explained only 6.8% of the variance. While abundance, biomass and diversity of spiders declined strongly with the conversion of rainforest into monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm, we also found that a large proportion of the rainforest spider community can thrive in extensive agroforestry systems such as jungle rubber. Despite being very different from rainforest, the canopy spider communities in rubber and oil palm plantations may still play a vital role in the biological control of canopy herbivore species, thus contributing important ecosystem services. The components of tree and palm canopy structure identified as major determinants of canopy spider communities may aid in decision-making processes toward establishing cash-crop plantation management systems which foster herbivore control by spiders. PeerJ Inc. 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9390325/ /pubmed/35990898 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13898 Text en ©2022 Ramos et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Biodiversity Ramos, Daniel Hartke, Tamara R. Buchori, Damayanti Dupérré, Nadine Hidayat, Purnama Lia, Mayanda Harms, Danilo Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
title | Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
title_full | Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
title_fullStr | Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
title_full_unstemmed | Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
title_short | Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
title_sort | rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders |
topic | Biodiversity |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9390325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35990898 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13898 |
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