Progesterone Reduces ATP-Induced Pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y Cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of progesterone inhibiting the scorch death of SH-SY5Y cells induced by exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP). METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells with good logarithmic growth were used in the experiment. The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, DMSO group, BBG group, ATP group, and ATP+progesterone group. The cell survival rate of each group was measured by CCK-8 method. The expressions of P2X(7) receptor, caspase-1, caspase-11, and IL-1β were detected by western blotting. RESULTS: (1) After SH-SY5Y cells were treated with ATP at different concentrations (1, 3, 6, and 9 mmol/L) for 2 hours, the cell survival rate decreased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the normal blank group. The results showed that the optimal lethal concentration of ATP was 6 mmol/L. SH-SY5Y cells were preincubated with progesterone at different concentrations (3, 10, 30, and 100 nmol/L) for 30 minutes and then incubated with 6 mmol/L ATP. The cell survival rate of this group was significantly improved (P < 0.01). The optimal concentration of progesterone to improve cell survival and inhibit cell death was 30 nmol/L. (2) Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in P2X(7) receptor, caspase-1, caspase-11, and IL-1β with the DMSO group (0.001% DMSO, 24 h) and BBG group (bbg1 mmol/L, 24 h). (3) In the ATP group, the expression of P2X(7) receptor and caspase-1 (the key protein of classical cell death pathway) increased significantly (P < 0.01), which was related to inflammatory factor IL-1β with consistent performance (P < 0.01). There was no significant change in caspase-11 (the key protein of nonclassical focal death pathway) (P > 0.05). (4) The expression of P2X(7) receptor, caspase-1, and inflammatory factor IL-1β in the progesterone+ATP group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.01). There was no significant change in caspase-11 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Certain dose of progesterone can inhibit the focal death of SH-SY5Y cells induced by extracellular high concentration ATP. It can reduce the expression of P2X(7) receptor, inhibit the conduction pathway of cell death, reduce the release of inflammatory factor IL-1β, and improve cell survival.