Phase I safety and immunogenicity study of a Brazilian serogroup B vaccine

Meningococcal disease by serogroup B has been a public health problem in Brazil in the last decades. The Brazilian Oswaldo Cruz Foundation has been working to develop a vaccine with detergent-treated outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and detoxified endotoxin (dLOS) from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B prevalent strains. A phase I study, enrolling 26 adults (18–44 years of age) was performed using experimental vaccines combining B components and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. It was a dose escalation study testing vaccines made of 25, 50, and 100 µg OMV protein/mL (sum of both strains) and dLOS in half amount of total protein concentration, with three doses given two months apart. Adverse events were mild/moderate with frequency increasing with the amount of antigens. Pain in the site of injection was the most frequent reaction in all doses, reported in more than the 85% across vaccine groups. Considering all injections, cephalea was the most common systemic adverse event, detected in 11.1%, 17.2% and 32.1%, respectively with doses of 12.5 μg, 25 μg and 50 μg. High titers of total IgG (ELISA) were observed for the vaccine components before vaccination. Protective levels of bactericidal antibodies (titer ≥1:4) for both vaccine strains were also present. Considering a 4-fold increase of IgG titers compared to pre-immune values (seroconversion), 50%-70% of those who received intermediate and highest doses of antigens presented satisfactory response for OMV of N44/89 strain. The lowest dose vaccine induced no seroconversion for strain N44/89, and 11% for strain N603/95. For the three vaccines doses, 25% of seroconversion, in total IgG against LOS, was observed. Increased antibody bactericidal activity was observed for both strains in higher antigen concentrations. For IgG against LOS, all vaccine formulations showed 25% of seroconversion. In conclusion, MenB-Bio experimental vaccines were well tolerated and immunogenic, thus allowing phase II studies.