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A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a vascular condition resulting from an impaired venous return to the right atrium. The majority of SVCS cases are caused by mass effect in which extrinsic compression of the vessel leads to obstruction of blood flow. In less common cases of SVCS, thrombus format...

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Autores principales: Moore, Colton M, Loichle, Autumn, Tavakolian, Kameron, Odak, Mihir, Nightingale, Savannah, Patel, Swapnil V
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9392423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36003344
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28198
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author Moore, Colton M
Loichle, Autumn
Tavakolian, Kameron
Odak, Mihir
Nightingale, Savannah
Patel, Swapnil V
author_facet Moore, Colton M
Loichle, Autumn
Tavakolian, Kameron
Odak, Mihir
Nightingale, Savannah
Patel, Swapnil V
author_sort Moore, Colton M
collection PubMed
description Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a vascular condition resulting from an impaired venous return to the right atrium. The majority of SVCS cases are caused by mass effect in which extrinsic compression of the vessel leads to obstruction of blood flow. In less common cases of SVCS, thrombus formation and luminal narrowing can result in poor return through the SVC. Inflammatory causes of SVCS are even rarer and poorly documented. IgA nephropathy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two autoimmune diseases with the potential to cause vasculitis, thus increasing the likelihood of intraluminal vessel occlusion. We report a rare case of SVCS in a 65-year-old female with a past medical history significant for atrial fibrillation, IgA nephropathy, chronic kidney disease stage IIIA, and RA who presented with headache, dizziness, and neck pain and swelling extending down the left upper extremity for three days. Inflammatory SVCS is uncommon and cases of SVCS secondary to RA and IgA nephropathy are underreported in the literature thus far. Our hope in presenting this case is to encourage a greater degree of suspicion for vascular complications, such as SVCS, in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
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spelling pubmed-93924232022-08-23 A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy Moore, Colton M Loichle, Autumn Tavakolian, Kameron Odak, Mihir Nightingale, Savannah Patel, Swapnil V Cureus Internal Medicine Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a vascular condition resulting from an impaired venous return to the right atrium. The majority of SVCS cases are caused by mass effect in which extrinsic compression of the vessel leads to obstruction of blood flow. In less common cases of SVCS, thrombus formation and luminal narrowing can result in poor return through the SVC. Inflammatory causes of SVCS are even rarer and poorly documented. IgA nephropathy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two autoimmune diseases with the potential to cause vasculitis, thus increasing the likelihood of intraluminal vessel occlusion. We report a rare case of SVCS in a 65-year-old female with a past medical history significant for atrial fibrillation, IgA nephropathy, chronic kidney disease stage IIIA, and RA who presented with headache, dizziness, and neck pain and swelling extending down the left upper extremity for three days. Inflammatory SVCS is uncommon and cases of SVCS secondary to RA and IgA nephropathy are underreported in the literature thus far. Our hope in presenting this case is to encourage a greater degree of suspicion for vascular complications, such as SVCS, in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Cureus 2022-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9392423/ /pubmed/36003344 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28198 Text en Copyright © 2022, Moore et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Moore, Colton M
Loichle, Autumn
Tavakolian, Kameron
Odak, Mihir
Nightingale, Savannah
Patel, Swapnil V
A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy
title A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy
title_full A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy
title_fullStr A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy
title_full_unstemmed A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy
title_short A Rare Case of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and IgA Nephropathy
title_sort rare case of superior vena cava syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and iga nephropathy
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9392423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36003344
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28198
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