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HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice

AIMS: Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a life‐threatening, inherited, nonhypertensive arteriole disease of the brain. Therapeutic strategy for CARASIL is limited because its pathogenesis is not clear. We previously reported the...

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Autores principales: Chuanfen, Li, Xiaoling, Wang, Wen, Jing, Bingzhen, Cao, Min, Wang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9392535/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35841197
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2691
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author Chuanfen, Li
Xiaoling, Wang
Wen, Jing
Bingzhen, Cao
Min, Wang
author_facet Chuanfen, Li
Xiaoling, Wang
Wen, Jing
Bingzhen, Cao
Min, Wang
author_sort Chuanfen, Li
collection PubMed
description AIMS: Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a life‐threatening, inherited, nonhypertensive arteriole disease of the brain. Therapeutic strategy for CARASIL is limited because its pathogenesis is not clear. We previously reported the first family with CARASIL in China, which involves a high‐temperature requirement serine protease gene mutation (HtrA1(L364P)). Based on this previous study, we constructed a CARASIL mouse model (Mut‐hHtrA1(L364P) mouse, hereinafter referred to as Mut). This paper aimed to systematically study the behavior, pathology, and molecular biology of Mut mice and explore the pathogenesis and possible therapeutic strategies of CARASIL. METHODS: Food maze and water maze experiments were used in the behavioral studies. Pathological studies were carried out by arteriole labeling staining and electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the key factors of TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway (TGF‐β, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4) in the brain of the model mice were detected by immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and Western blot assay. RESULTS: The food maze and water maze experiment data showed significant differences between the Mut and wild‐type (WT) mice in the first time to find food, the time to contact the escape table for the first time, and the number of times to travel in the escape table quadrant (p < 0.001). The results of vascular labeling staining showed that some small arteries in the brain of Mut mice lost normal structure. The results of electron microscopy showed that the cell morphologies in the cortex and hippocampus of Mut mice were abnormal; the number of synapses was reduced; the walls of capillaries, venules, and arterioles thickened; lumen stenosis and other abnormal phenomenon occurred; and lipofuscin deposition and autophagosomes were found in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western Blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF‐β, Smad2, and Smad3 in the brain of Mut mice increased to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant innovation of this study is the first study on the pathogenesis of CARASIL disease using model animals. The Mut mice can well simulate the pathogenesis of CARASIL in behavioral and pathological aspects. The TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway, which is involved in the pathogenesis of CARASIL, is abnormally upregulated in the brain of Mut mice.
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spelling pubmed-93925352022-08-24 HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice Chuanfen, Li Xiaoling, Wang Wen, Jing Bingzhen, Cao Min, Wang Brain Behav Original Articles AIMS: Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a life‐threatening, inherited, nonhypertensive arteriole disease of the brain. Therapeutic strategy for CARASIL is limited because its pathogenesis is not clear. We previously reported the first family with CARASIL in China, which involves a high‐temperature requirement serine protease gene mutation (HtrA1(L364P)). Based on this previous study, we constructed a CARASIL mouse model (Mut‐hHtrA1(L364P) mouse, hereinafter referred to as Mut). This paper aimed to systematically study the behavior, pathology, and molecular biology of Mut mice and explore the pathogenesis and possible therapeutic strategies of CARASIL. METHODS: Food maze and water maze experiments were used in the behavioral studies. Pathological studies were carried out by arteriole labeling staining and electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the key factors of TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway (TGF‐β, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4) in the brain of the model mice were detected by immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and Western blot assay. RESULTS: The food maze and water maze experiment data showed significant differences between the Mut and wild‐type (WT) mice in the first time to find food, the time to contact the escape table for the first time, and the number of times to travel in the escape table quadrant (p < 0.001). The results of vascular labeling staining showed that some small arteries in the brain of Mut mice lost normal structure. The results of electron microscopy showed that the cell morphologies in the cortex and hippocampus of Mut mice were abnormal; the number of synapses was reduced; the walls of capillaries, venules, and arterioles thickened; lumen stenosis and other abnormal phenomenon occurred; and lipofuscin deposition and autophagosomes were found in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western Blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF‐β, Smad2, and Smad3 in the brain of Mut mice increased to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant innovation of this study is the first study on the pathogenesis of CARASIL disease using model animals. The Mut mice can well simulate the pathogenesis of CARASIL in behavioral and pathological aspects. The TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway, which is involved in the pathogenesis of CARASIL, is abnormally upregulated in the brain of Mut mice. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9392535/ /pubmed/35841197 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2691 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Chuanfen, Li
Xiaoling, Wang
Wen, Jing
Bingzhen, Cao
Min, Wang
HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
title HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
title_full HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
title_fullStr HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
title_full_unstemmed HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
title_short HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
title_sort htra1l364p leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through tgf‐β/smad signaling pathway in carasil model mice
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9392535/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35841197
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2691
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