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How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways

Oxygenation in wastewater treatment leads to a high energy demand. High-rate algal-bacterial ponds (HRABP) have often been considered an interesting solution to reduce this energy cost, as the oxygen is provided by microalgae during photosynthesis. These complex dynamic processes are subject to sola...

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Autores principales: Casagli, Francesca, Bernard, Olivier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9394337/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893573
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081515
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author Casagli, Francesca
Bernard, Olivier
author_facet Casagli, Francesca
Bernard, Olivier
author_sort Casagli, Francesca
collection PubMed
description Oxygenation in wastewater treatment leads to a high energy demand. High-rate algal-bacterial ponds (HRABP) have often been considered an interesting solution to reduce this energy cost, as the oxygen is provided by microalgae during photosynthesis. These complex dynamic processes are subject to solar fluxes and consequently permanent fluctuations in light and temperature. The process efficiency therefore highly depends on the location and the period of the year. In addition, the temperature response can be strongly affected by the process configuration (set-up, water depth). Raised pilot-scale raceways are typically used in experimental campaigns, while raceways lying on the ground are the standard reactor configuration for industrial-scale applications. It is therefore important to assess what the consequences are for the temperature patterns of the different reactor configurations and the water levels. The long-term validated algae-bacteria (ALBA) model was used to represent algae-bacteria dynamics in HRABPs. The model was previously validated over 600 days of outdoor measurements, at two different locations and for the four seasons. However, the first version of the model, like all the existing algae-bacteria models, was not fully predictive, since, to be run, it required the measurement of water temperature. The ALBA model was therefore updated, coupling it with a physical model that predicts the temperature evolution in the HRABP. A heat transfer model was developed, and it was able to accurately predict the temperature during the year (with a standard error of 1.5 [Formula: see text] C). The full predictive model, using the temperature predictions, degraded the model’s predictive performances by less than 3%. N [Formula: see text] O predictions were affected by [Formula: see text] %, highlighting the sensitivity of nitrification to temperature The temperature response for two different process configurations were then compared. The biological process can be subjected to different temperature dynamics, with more extreme temperature events when the raceway does not lie on the ground and for thinner depths. Such a situation is more likely to lead to culture crashes.
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spelling pubmed-93943372022-08-23 How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways Casagli, Francesca Bernard, Olivier Microorganisms Article Oxygenation in wastewater treatment leads to a high energy demand. High-rate algal-bacterial ponds (HRABP) have often been considered an interesting solution to reduce this energy cost, as the oxygen is provided by microalgae during photosynthesis. These complex dynamic processes are subject to solar fluxes and consequently permanent fluctuations in light and temperature. The process efficiency therefore highly depends on the location and the period of the year. In addition, the temperature response can be strongly affected by the process configuration (set-up, water depth). Raised pilot-scale raceways are typically used in experimental campaigns, while raceways lying on the ground are the standard reactor configuration for industrial-scale applications. It is therefore important to assess what the consequences are for the temperature patterns of the different reactor configurations and the water levels. The long-term validated algae-bacteria (ALBA) model was used to represent algae-bacteria dynamics in HRABPs. The model was previously validated over 600 days of outdoor measurements, at two different locations and for the four seasons. However, the first version of the model, like all the existing algae-bacteria models, was not fully predictive, since, to be run, it required the measurement of water temperature. The ALBA model was therefore updated, coupling it with a physical model that predicts the temperature evolution in the HRABP. A heat transfer model was developed, and it was able to accurately predict the temperature during the year (with a standard error of 1.5 [Formula: see text] C). The full predictive model, using the temperature predictions, degraded the model’s predictive performances by less than 3%. N [Formula: see text] O predictions were affected by [Formula: see text] %, highlighting the sensitivity of nitrification to temperature The temperature response for two different process configurations were then compared. The biological process can be subjected to different temperature dynamics, with more extreme temperature events when the raceway does not lie on the ground and for thinner depths. Such a situation is more likely to lead to culture crashes. MDPI 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9394337/ /pubmed/35893573 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081515 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Casagli, Francesca
Bernard, Olivier
How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways
title How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways
title_full How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways
title_fullStr How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways
title_full_unstemmed How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways
title_short How Heat Transfer Indirectly Affects Performance of Algae-Bacteria Raceways
title_sort how heat transfer indirectly affects performance of algae-bacteria raceways
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9394337/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893573
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081515
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