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Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway

Studies have reported reduced cognitive function following COVID-19 illness, mostly from hospital settings with short follow-up times. This study recruited non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients from a general population to study prevalence of late cognitive impairment and associations with initial symp...

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Autores principales: Stavem, Knut, Einvik, Gunnar, Tholin, Birgitte, Ghanima, Waleed, Hessen, Erik, Lundqvist, Christofer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9394790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994448
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273352
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author Stavem, Knut
Einvik, Gunnar
Tholin, Birgitte
Ghanima, Waleed
Hessen, Erik
Lundqvist, Christofer
author_facet Stavem, Knut
Einvik, Gunnar
Tholin, Birgitte
Ghanima, Waleed
Hessen, Erik
Lundqvist, Christofer
author_sort Stavem, Knut
collection PubMed
description Studies have reported reduced cognitive function following COVID-19 illness, mostly from hospital settings with short follow-up times. This study recruited non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients from a general population to study prevalence of late cognitive impairment and associations with initial symptoms. We invited patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. A postal questionnaire addressed basic demographics, initial COVID-19 symptoms and co-morbidity about 4 months after diagnosis. About 7 months later, we conducted cognitive tests using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, comprising four tests for short-term memory, attention and executive function. We present descriptive statistics using z-scores relative to UK population norms and defined impairment as z-score <-1.5. We used multivariable logistic regression with impairment as outcome. Continuous domain scores were analysed by multiple linear regression. Of the initial 458 participants; 305 were invited, and 234 (77%) completed cognitive testing. At median 11 (range 8–13) months after PCR positivity, cognitive scores for short term memory, visuospatial processing, learning and attention were lower than norms (p≤0.001). In each domain, 4–14% were cognitively impaired; 68/232 (29%) were impaired in ≥ 1 of 4 tests. There was no association between initial symptom severity and impairment. Multivariable linear regression showed association between spatial working memory and initial symptom load (6–9 symptoms vs. 0–5, coef. 4.26, 95% CI: 0.65; 7.86). No other dimension scores were associated with symptom load. At median 11 months after out-of-hospital SARS-Cov-2 infection, minor cognitive impairment was seen with little association between COVID-19 symptom severity and outcome.
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spelling pubmed-93947902022-08-23 Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway Stavem, Knut Einvik, Gunnar Tholin, Birgitte Ghanima, Waleed Hessen, Erik Lundqvist, Christofer PLoS One Research Article Studies have reported reduced cognitive function following COVID-19 illness, mostly from hospital settings with short follow-up times. This study recruited non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients from a general population to study prevalence of late cognitive impairment and associations with initial symptoms. We invited patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. A postal questionnaire addressed basic demographics, initial COVID-19 symptoms and co-morbidity about 4 months after diagnosis. About 7 months later, we conducted cognitive tests using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, comprising four tests for short-term memory, attention and executive function. We present descriptive statistics using z-scores relative to UK population norms and defined impairment as z-score <-1.5. We used multivariable logistic regression with impairment as outcome. Continuous domain scores were analysed by multiple linear regression. Of the initial 458 participants; 305 were invited, and 234 (77%) completed cognitive testing. At median 11 (range 8–13) months after PCR positivity, cognitive scores for short term memory, visuospatial processing, learning and attention were lower than norms (p≤0.001). In each domain, 4–14% were cognitively impaired; 68/232 (29%) were impaired in ≥ 1 of 4 tests. There was no association between initial symptom severity and impairment. Multivariable linear regression showed association between spatial working memory and initial symptom load (6–9 symptoms vs. 0–5, coef. 4.26, 95% CI: 0.65; 7.86). No other dimension scores were associated with symptom load. At median 11 months after out-of-hospital SARS-Cov-2 infection, minor cognitive impairment was seen with little association between COVID-19 symptom severity and outcome. Public Library of Science 2022-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9394790/ /pubmed/35994448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273352 Text en © 2022 Stavem et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Stavem, Knut
Einvik, Gunnar
Tholin, Birgitte
Ghanima, Waleed
Hessen, Erik
Lundqvist, Christofer
Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway
title Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway
title_full Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway
title_fullStr Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway
title_short Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway
title_sort cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute covid-19 infection: a cohort study in norway
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9394790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994448
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273352
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