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Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis

The cross-country relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates with previously measured income inequality and poverty in the pandemic’s first wave is studied, controlling for other underlying factors, in a worldwide sample of countries. If the estimated associations are i...

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Autor principal: Davies, James B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: University of Toronto Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395158/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36039094
http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-033
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author Davies, James B.
author_facet Davies, James B.
author_sort Davies, James B.
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description The cross-country relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates with previously measured income inequality and poverty in the pandemic’s first wave is studied, controlling for other underlying factors, in a worldwide sample of countries. If the estimated associations are interpreted as causal, the Gini coefficient for income has a significant positive effect on both cases and deaths per capita in regressions using the full sample and for cases but not for deaths when Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD sub-samples are treated separately. The Gini coefficient for wealth has a significant positive effect on cases, but not on deaths, in both sub-samples and in the full sample. Poverty generally has weak positive effects in the full and non-OECD samples, but a relative poverty measure has a strong positive effect on cases in the OECD sample. Analysis of the gap between COVID-19 first-wave cases and deaths per capita in Canada and the higher rates in the United States indicates that 37 percent of the cases gap and 28 percent of the deaths gap could be attributed to the higher-income Gini in the United States according to the full-sample regressions.
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spelling pubmed-93951582022-08-25 Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis Davies, James B. Can Public Policy The COVID-19 Pandemic/La pandémie de COVID-19 The cross-country relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates with previously measured income inequality and poverty in the pandemic’s first wave is studied, controlling for other underlying factors, in a worldwide sample of countries. If the estimated associations are interpreted as causal, the Gini coefficient for income has a significant positive effect on both cases and deaths per capita in regressions using the full sample and for cases but not for deaths when Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD sub-samples are treated separately. The Gini coefficient for wealth has a significant positive effect on cases, but not on deaths, in both sub-samples and in the full sample. Poverty generally has weak positive effects in the full and non-OECD samples, but a relative poverty measure has a strong positive effect on cases in the OECD sample. Analysis of the gap between COVID-19 first-wave cases and deaths per capita in Canada and the higher rates in the United States indicates that 37 percent of the cases gap and 28 percent of the deaths gap could be attributed to the higher-income Gini in the United States according to the full-sample regressions. University of Toronto Press 2021-12-01 2021-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9395158/ /pubmed/36039094 http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-033 Text en © Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de politiques This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for reuse and analysis with acknowledgement of the original source.
spellingShingle The COVID-19 Pandemic/La pandémie de COVID-19
Davies, James B.
Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis
title Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis
title_full Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis
title_fullStr Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis
title_short Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Deaths and Cases in the First Wave: A Cross-Country Analysis
title_sort economic inequality and covid-19 deaths and cases in the first wave: a cross-country analysis
topic The COVID-19 Pandemic/La pandémie de COVID-19
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9395158/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36039094
http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2021-033
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