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Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018

BACKGROUND: Nutritional issues are common in people with Human Immune Virus (HIV). At some point, almost everyone living with HIV faces challenges in maintaining good nutrition. There is insufficient evidence-based information on undernutrition in adults living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-Retrovi...

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Autores principales: Regassa, Tilahun Mekonnen, Gudeta, Tesfaye Abera
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9397212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36017226
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.814494
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author Regassa, Tilahun Mekonnen
Gudeta, Tesfaye Abera
author_facet Regassa, Tilahun Mekonnen
Gudeta, Tesfaye Abera
author_sort Regassa, Tilahun Mekonnen
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Nutritional issues are common in people with Human Immune Virus (HIV). At some point, almost everyone living with HIV faces challenges in maintaining good nutrition. There is insufficient evidence-based information on undernutrition in adults living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among patients receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in health facilities in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia in 2018. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 May to 30 June 2018 on 1,007 study subjects and the participants were selected by using a consecutive sampling technique. Five health facilities were selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with undernutrition in adults receiving ART. Odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine associations between dependent and independent variables. RESULT: Of the total 1,007 study subjects, 961 participated in the study. More than half of the participants were female (61.2%), 57.2% were married and 42.9% were in the 30–39 years age group. In this study, the level of undernutrition among patients on antiretroviral therapy was 16%. Age ≥50 [AOR 2.5, 95% CI (1.1–5.6)], being single [AOR 2.2, 95% CI (1.4–3.7)], developing gastrointestinal symptoms [AOR 2.6, 95% CI (1.5–4.4)] and in WHO-defined clinical stages III and IV of HIV/AIDS [AOR 2.8, 95% CI (1.3–6.0)] were found to have a statistically significant association with undernutrition. CONCLUSION: Significant numbers of people on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the study area were undernourished. This demonstrated that HIV/AIDs and its treatment directly or indirectly impacted the nutritional status of the patients, who need a critical follow-up from health workers. Age, marital status, progressing to WHO-defined clinical stage of disease, and development of gastrointestinal symptoms were identified as factors that contribute to undernutrition among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The health care workers and experts working at the ART clinic should focus on patient counseling regarding the early prevention, detection, and treatment of opportunistic infections. Early health-seeking behaviors before the AIDs stage and critical follow-up are the first actions to identify undernutrition.
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spelling pubmed-93972122022-08-24 Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018 Regassa, Tilahun Mekonnen Gudeta, Tesfaye Abera Front Nutr Nutrition BACKGROUND: Nutritional issues are common in people with Human Immune Virus (HIV). At some point, almost everyone living with HIV faces challenges in maintaining good nutrition. There is insufficient evidence-based information on undernutrition in adults living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among patients receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in health facilities in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia in 2018. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 May to 30 June 2018 on 1,007 study subjects and the participants were selected by using a consecutive sampling technique. Five health facilities were selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with undernutrition in adults receiving ART. Odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine associations between dependent and independent variables. RESULT: Of the total 1,007 study subjects, 961 participated in the study. More than half of the participants were female (61.2%), 57.2% were married and 42.9% were in the 30–39 years age group. In this study, the level of undernutrition among patients on antiretroviral therapy was 16%. Age ≥50 [AOR 2.5, 95% CI (1.1–5.6)], being single [AOR 2.2, 95% CI (1.4–3.7)], developing gastrointestinal symptoms [AOR 2.6, 95% CI (1.5–4.4)] and in WHO-defined clinical stages III and IV of HIV/AIDS [AOR 2.8, 95% CI (1.3–6.0)] were found to have a statistically significant association with undernutrition. CONCLUSION: Significant numbers of people on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the study area were undernourished. This demonstrated that HIV/AIDs and its treatment directly or indirectly impacted the nutritional status of the patients, who need a critical follow-up from health workers. Age, marital status, progressing to WHO-defined clinical stage of disease, and development of gastrointestinal symptoms were identified as factors that contribute to undernutrition among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The health care workers and experts working at the ART clinic should focus on patient counseling regarding the early prevention, detection, and treatment of opportunistic infections. Early health-seeking behaviors before the AIDs stage and critical follow-up are the first actions to identify undernutrition. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9397212/ /pubmed/36017226 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.814494 Text en Copyright © 2022 Regassa and Gudeta. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Regassa, Tilahun Mekonnen
Gudeta, Tesfaye Abera
Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018
title Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018
title_full Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018
title_fullStr Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018
title_full_unstemmed Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018
title_short Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018
title_sort levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in bench maji zone, southwest ethiopia in 2018
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9397212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36017226
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.814494
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