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The dark side of Tregs during aging

In the last century, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of older persons globally, a trend known as the grey (or silver) tsunami. People live markedly longer than their predecessors worldwide, due to remarkable changes in their lifestyle and in progresses made by modern medicine. However, th...

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Autores principales: Palatella, Martina, Guillaume, Stephane M., Linterman, Michelle A., Huehn, Jochen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9398463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36016952
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705
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author Palatella, Martina
Guillaume, Stephane M.
Linterman, Michelle A.
Huehn, Jochen
author_facet Palatella, Martina
Guillaume, Stephane M.
Linterman, Michelle A.
Huehn, Jochen
author_sort Palatella, Martina
collection PubMed
description In the last century, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of older persons globally, a trend known as the grey (or silver) tsunami. People live markedly longer than their predecessors worldwide, due to remarkable changes in their lifestyle and in progresses made by modern medicine. However, the older we become, the more susceptible we are to a series of age-related pathologies, including infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and multi-morbidities. Therefore, a key challenge for our modern societies is how to cope with this fragile portion of the population, so that everybody could have the opportunity to live a long and healthy life. From a holistic point of view, aging results from the progressive decline of various systems. Among them, the distinctive age-dependent changes in the immune system contribute to the enhanced frailty of the elderly. One of these affects a population of lymphocytes, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), as accumulating evidence suggest that there is a significant increase in the frequency of these cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of aged animals. Although there are still discrepancies in the literature about modifications to their functional properties during aging, mounting evidence suggests a detrimental role for Tregs in the elderly in the context of bacterial and viral infections by suppressing immune responses against non-self-antigens. Interestingly, Tregs seem to also contribute to the reduced effectiveness of immunizations against many pathogens by limiting the production of vaccine-induced protective antibodies. In this review, we will analyze the current state of understandings about the role of Tregs in acute and chronic infections as well as in vaccination response in both humans and mice. Lastly, we provide an overview of current strategies for Treg modulation with potential future applications to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in older individuals.
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spelling pubmed-93984632022-08-24 The dark side of Tregs during aging Palatella, Martina Guillaume, Stephane M. Linterman, Michelle A. Huehn, Jochen Front Immunol Immunology In the last century, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of older persons globally, a trend known as the grey (or silver) tsunami. People live markedly longer than their predecessors worldwide, due to remarkable changes in their lifestyle and in progresses made by modern medicine. However, the older we become, the more susceptible we are to a series of age-related pathologies, including infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and multi-morbidities. Therefore, a key challenge for our modern societies is how to cope with this fragile portion of the population, so that everybody could have the opportunity to live a long and healthy life. From a holistic point of view, aging results from the progressive decline of various systems. Among them, the distinctive age-dependent changes in the immune system contribute to the enhanced frailty of the elderly. One of these affects a population of lymphocytes, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), as accumulating evidence suggest that there is a significant increase in the frequency of these cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of aged animals. Although there are still discrepancies in the literature about modifications to their functional properties during aging, mounting evidence suggests a detrimental role for Tregs in the elderly in the context of bacterial and viral infections by suppressing immune responses against non-self-antigens. Interestingly, Tregs seem to also contribute to the reduced effectiveness of immunizations against many pathogens by limiting the production of vaccine-induced protective antibodies. In this review, we will analyze the current state of understandings about the role of Tregs in acute and chronic infections as well as in vaccination response in both humans and mice. Lastly, we provide an overview of current strategies for Treg modulation with potential future applications to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in older individuals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9398463/ /pubmed/36016952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705 Text en Copyright © 2022 Palatella, Guillaume, Linterman and Huehn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Palatella, Martina
Guillaume, Stephane M.
Linterman, Michelle A.
Huehn, Jochen
The dark side of Tregs during aging
title The dark side of Tregs during aging
title_full The dark side of Tregs during aging
title_fullStr The dark side of Tregs during aging
title_full_unstemmed The dark side of Tregs during aging
title_short The dark side of Tregs during aging
title_sort dark side of tregs during aging
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9398463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36016952
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705
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