Resiliencia en las personas mayores durante la primera ola pandémica de la COVID-19 en Chile: una perspectiva desde los determinantes sociales de la salud

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between social determinants of health (SDH) and resilience in older people during the first period of confinement in the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using a nationally representative survey data-set. In this survey, using a systematic randomization process, a subsample of people aged ≥60 years from the community were interviewed by telephone during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale. The SDH considered were: age, sex, educational level, employment status, social isolation, loneliness, discontent with housing and health care needs. RESULTS: A total sample of 582 persons was obtained. The mean age was 71 years (SD: 7.64; 69% women). A significant association was obtained between low resilience and the following conditions: loneliness (OR: 1.776 [95% CI: 1.146–2.751]), high risk of social isolation (OR: 1.667 [95% CI: 1.149-2.419]), and depressive symptoms (OR: 2.602 [95% CI: 1.795-3.774]). Female gender was a protective factor (OR: 0.589 [95% CI: 0.406-0.855]). CONCLUSION: The SDH, such as loneliness and social isolation, are factors associated with low resilience in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic and may be taken into account in planning public health intervention strategies.