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Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still causing a global pandemic. But the mechanism of COVID-19 severity is not well elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted two single-center observational studies of patients with COVID-19. In the first study, the enrolled patients were d...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9399458/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36035409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.941422 |
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author | Yokoyama, Yoshihiro Ichiki, Tomoko Yamakawa, Tsukasa Tsuji, Yoshihisa Kuronuma, Koji Takahashi, Satoshi Narimatsu, Eichi Nakase, Hiroshi |
author_facet | Yokoyama, Yoshihiro Ichiki, Tomoko Yamakawa, Tsukasa Tsuji, Yoshihisa Kuronuma, Koji Takahashi, Satoshi Narimatsu, Eichi Nakase, Hiroshi |
author_sort | Yokoyama, Yoshihiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still causing a global pandemic. But the mechanism of COVID-19 severity is not well elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted two single-center observational studies of patients with COVID-19. In the first study, the enrolled patients were distinguished based on critical vs. non-critical COVID-19. We collected blood samples from the patients at admission to measure markers related to inflammation and thrombosis and stool samples to analyze the fecal microbiome, metabolome, and calprotectin level. In the second study, we collected ileum and colon tissue samples from patients with critical COVID-19 who required colonoscopy due to severe gastrointestinal symptoms and analyzed mucosal gene expression. RESULTS: A total of 19 blood samples and 10 stool samples were collected. Interleukin (IL)-6 was the only serum inflammatory marker with significantly higher levels in the critical group than in the non-critical group. The fecal calprotectin level in the critical group was significantly higher than that in the non-critical group (P = 0.03), regardless of the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool metabolomic analysis showed that the level of indole-3-propionic acid, a ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), was markedly decreased in the critical group compared to that in the non-critical group (P = 0.01). The expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism, including ACE2, AHR, CARD9, and IL22, was downregulated in the ileum of critical COVID-19 patients who required a colonoscopy. DISCUSSION: Critical COVID-19 patients have gastrointestinal inflammation potentially caused by impaired tryptophan metabolism in the small intestine due to decreased expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9399458 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93994582022-08-25 Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 Yokoyama, Yoshihiro Ichiki, Tomoko Yamakawa, Tsukasa Tsuji, Yoshihisa Kuronuma, Koji Takahashi, Satoshi Narimatsu, Eichi Nakase, Hiroshi Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still causing a global pandemic. But the mechanism of COVID-19 severity is not well elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted two single-center observational studies of patients with COVID-19. In the first study, the enrolled patients were distinguished based on critical vs. non-critical COVID-19. We collected blood samples from the patients at admission to measure markers related to inflammation and thrombosis and stool samples to analyze the fecal microbiome, metabolome, and calprotectin level. In the second study, we collected ileum and colon tissue samples from patients with critical COVID-19 who required colonoscopy due to severe gastrointestinal symptoms and analyzed mucosal gene expression. RESULTS: A total of 19 blood samples and 10 stool samples were collected. Interleukin (IL)-6 was the only serum inflammatory marker with significantly higher levels in the critical group than in the non-critical group. The fecal calprotectin level in the critical group was significantly higher than that in the non-critical group (P = 0.03), regardless of the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool metabolomic analysis showed that the level of indole-3-propionic acid, a ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), was markedly decreased in the critical group compared to that in the non-critical group (P = 0.01). The expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism, including ACE2, AHR, CARD9, and IL22, was downregulated in the ileum of critical COVID-19 patients who required a colonoscopy. DISCUSSION: Critical COVID-19 patients have gastrointestinal inflammation potentially caused by impaired tryptophan metabolism in the small intestine due to decreased expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9399458/ /pubmed/36035409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.941422 Text en Copyright © 2022 Yokoyama, Ichiki, Yamakawa, Tsuji, Kuronuma, Takahashi, Narimatsu and Nakase. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Yokoyama, Yoshihiro Ichiki, Tomoko Yamakawa, Tsukasa Tsuji, Yoshihisa Kuronuma, Koji Takahashi, Satoshi Narimatsu, Eichi Nakase, Hiroshi Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
title | Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
title_full | Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
title_fullStr | Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed | Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
title_short | Impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
title_sort | impaired tryptophan metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9399458/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36035409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.941422 |
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