Progress on application of spatial epidemiology in ophthalmology

Most ocular diseases observed with cataract, chlamydia trachomatis, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, have their associations with environmental exposures, lifestyle, and habits, making their distribution has certain temporal and spatial features based essentially on epidemiology. Spatial epidemiology focuses on the use of geographic information systems (GIS), global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and spatial analysis to map spatial distribution as well as change the tendency of diseases and investigate the health services status of populations. Recently, the spatial epidemic approach has been applied in the field of ophthalmology, which provides many valuable key messages on ocular disease prevention and control. This work briefly reviewed the context of spatial epidemiology and summarized its progress in the analysis of spatiotemporal distribution, non-monitoring area data estimation, influencing factors of ocular diseases, and allocation and utilization of eye health resources, to provide references for its application in the prevention and control of ocular diseases in the future.