Polypectomy-induced encephalocele manifested as meningitis and CSF rhinorrhea in a pregnant woman: a case report

Encephalocele is a protrusion of the intracranial contents through a cranium defect. Encephalocele is divided into primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired) classes. From an epidemiological point of view, primary encephalocele is much more prevalent than secondary cases. Furthermore, among the secondary causes of this condition, iatrogenic encephalocele is recognized as a rare phenomenon. In this case report, we introduce a case of secondary encephalocele in a 30-year-old pregnant female who came to our emergency center at 5 weeks of gestation with a vague headache in her forehead and a runny nose. she reported a history of nasal polypectomy 9 months ago and a 10-day hospitalization for meningitis 5 months prior to admission. MRI of the patient's brain showed evidence of cerebral parenchymal herniation to the right nasal cavity, which was suggestive of encephalocele. She was scheduled for endoscopic transnasal reconstruction, and during the operation, a significant right-sided posterior ethmoidal roof defect with CSF leak and encephalocele was revealed. Eventually, the skull defect was successfully repaired with a vascularized flap, and the patient was discharged in good general condition.