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Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain dysfunction caused by acute and chronic hepatic failure. The pathogenesis of HE is unknown, although small intestinal bacterial overgrowth associated with chronic liver damage, hyperammonemia, and oxidative stress are considered major fa...

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Autores principales: Patel, Chirag, Shahgond, Lalita, Acharya, Sanjeev, Boddu, Sai HS., Ranch, Ketan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9400460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36034085
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.350244
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author Patel, Chirag
Shahgond, Lalita
Acharya, Sanjeev
Boddu, Sai HS.
Ranch, Ketan
author_facet Patel, Chirag
Shahgond, Lalita
Acharya, Sanjeev
Boddu, Sai HS.
Ranch, Ketan
author_sort Patel, Chirag
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain dysfunction caused by acute and chronic hepatic failure. The pathogenesis of HE is unknown, although small intestinal bacterial overgrowth associated with chronic liver damage, hyperammonemia, and oxidative stress are considered major factors for HE. Effective lowering of circulating ammonia and neuroinflammation is the main strategy for preventing and treating HE in cirrhosis. In the present study, the protective effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus clausii) and ascorbic acid in combination was assessed in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced chronic HE in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). All groups were subjected to double ligation of the bile duct and fed a hyperammonemia diet, except group I (normal control). Groups III and IV were treated with a low and high dose of combination therapy, respectively, while group V was given lactulose. Four weeks post ligation, behavioral, biochemical, and neurochemical parameters were measured. The liver and brain were dissected for histopathology and protein analyses. FINDINGS / RESULTS: Combination therapy reduced plasma AST, ALT, ALP, and ammonia levels and attenuated hepatic inflammation/fibrosis in cirrhotic rats. Furthermore, combination therapy significantly improved behavioral parameters and restored the antioxidant enzyme activity. Histological changes were observed in the brain and liver of BDL animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The additive impact of probiotics and ascorbic acid on BDL-induced chronic HE in rats was mediated by a reduction in ammonia and oxidative stress, implying the therapeutic potential of combination therapy in HE.
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spelling pubmed-94004602022-08-25 Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats Patel, Chirag Shahgond, Lalita Acharya, Sanjeev Boddu, Sai HS. Ranch, Ketan Res Pharm Sci Original Article BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain dysfunction caused by acute and chronic hepatic failure. The pathogenesis of HE is unknown, although small intestinal bacterial overgrowth associated with chronic liver damage, hyperammonemia, and oxidative stress are considered major factors for HE. Effective lowering of circulating ammonia and neuroinflammation is the main strategy for preventing and treating HE in cirrhosis. In the present study, the protective effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus clausii) and ascorbic acid in combination was assessed in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced chronic HE in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). All groups were subjected to double ligation of the bile duct and fed a hyperammonemia diet, except group I (normal control). Groups III and IV were treated with a low and high dose of combination therapy, respectively, while group V was given lactulose. Four weeks post ligation, behavioral, biochemical, and neurochemical parameters were measured. The liver and brain were dissected for histopathology and protein analyses. FINDINGS / RESULTS: Combination therapy reduced plasma AST, ALT, ALP, and ammonia levels and attenuated hepatic inflammation/fibrosis in cirrhotic rats. Furthermore, combination therapy significantly improved behavioral parameters and restored the antioxidant enzyme activity. Histological changes were observed in the brain and liver of BDL animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The additive impact of probiotics and ascorbic acid on BDL-induced chronic HE in rats was mediated by a reduction in ammonia and oxidative stress, implying the therapeutic potential of combination therapy in HE. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9400460/ /pubmed/36034085 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.350244 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Patel, Chirag
Shahgond, Lalita
Acharya, Sanjeev
Boddu, Sai HS.
Ranch, Ketan
Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
title Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
title_full Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
title_fullStr Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
title_full_unstemmed Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
title_short Protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
title_sort protective effect of probiotics and ascorbic acid on bile duct ligation-induced chronic hepatic encephalopathy in rats
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9400460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36034085
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.350244
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