Adherence to secondary prevention recommendations after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess and evaluate adherence to secondary prevention recommendations and risk factor modifications among a patient cohort at a single-tertiary centre in Ireland, following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study analysing patients who had CABG from 2015 to 2020, identified via the Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. Patients were asked a number of questions either over the phone or via postal survey, regarding blood pressure, cholesterol control, adherence to medication, attendance at cardiac-rehab and lifestyle factors. Any repeat interventions following CABG were noted. RESULTS: A total of 540 patients were invited to take part in this study. One hundred seventy-three patients consented to participate, ranging from 47 to 86 years old. Postoperatively, 59% of participants attended cardiac rehab. 90.2% of patients report taking a statin, 91.3% report taking an antiplatelet, 77.4% report taking a β-blocker and 75.7% take an antihypertensive. 93.1% of patients questioned in this study reported full compliance with their daily medications. Sixteen patients continue to have hypertension despite their current regimen. Thirteen patients continue to have hypercholesterolemia despite their current prescription. 62.4% of participants have quit smoking with only 4.6% remaining current smokers. No patients required re-operation, and eight patients required stenting. Compliance with diet and exercise modifications was suboptimal. CONCLUSION: In this patient population, adherence to medication and control of risk factors is acceptable. However, there is room for improvement in terms of attendance at cardiac rehab (59%) and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle post-CABG.