Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA/OSAHS) with Coronary Atherosclerosis Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the most common type of sleep disorders. This study aimed to systematically review the correlation between OSA and the risk of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS: Literature on case-control studies on the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and sleep apnea syndrome was collected and collated, and the incidence of SAS in CHD and non-CHD patients was observed and compared. RevMan 5.2 analysis software and Stata12SE analysis software were used for heterogeneity test and combination analysis of the included studies. The results were expressed with odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and publication bias and sensitivity tests were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a statistical difference in OSA associated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis between the experimental group and the control group [OR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.18, 1.62), P < 0.0001, I(2) = 0%, Z = 3.93]. OSA associated with vascular endothelial injury [OR = 3.59, 95% CI (3.00, 4.29), P < 0.00001, I(2) = 90%, Z = 14.09]. OSA is associated with vascular oxidation emergency [OR = 2.19, 95% CI (2.05, 2.33), P < 0.00001, I(2) = 94%, Z = 23.40]; OSA is associated with chronic vascular inflammation [OR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.39, 2.07), P < 0.00001, I(2) = 16%, Z = 5.18]. CONCLUSION: The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with CHD was higher than that in non-CHD patients, and obstructive sleep apnea was a risk factor for CHD.