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Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Children are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of childhood tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes have not been well documented, and no research has been conducted in eas...

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Autores principales: Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Teklemariam, Zelalem, Mitiku, Habtamu, Tesfaye, Tamrat, Abrham Roba, Aklilu, Tebeje, Fikru, Asfaw, Abiyot, Naganuri, Mahantash, Jinnappa Geddugol, Bahubali, Mesfin, Frehiwot, Abdulahi, Ibsa Mussa, Befikadu, Hilina, Tesfaye, Eden
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36034565
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.966237
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author Weldegebreal, Fitsum
Teklemariam, Zelalem
Mitiku, Habtamu
Tesfaye, Tamrat
Abrham Roba, Aklilu
Tebeje, Fikru
Asfaw, Abiyot
Naganuri, Mahantash
Jinnappa Geddugol, Bahubali
Mesfin, Frehiwot
Abdulahi, Ibsa Mussa
Befikadu, Hilina
Tesfaye, Eden
author_facet Weldegebreal, Fitsum
Teklemariam, Zelalem
Mitiku, Habtamu
Tesfaye, Tamrat
Abrham Roba, Aklilu
Tebeje, Fikru
Asfaw, Abiyot
Naganuri, Mahantash
Jinnappa Geddugol, Bahubali
Mesfin, Frehiwot
Abdulahi, Ibsa Mussa
Befikadu, Hilina
Tesfaye, Eden
author_sort Weldegebreal, Fitsum
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Children are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of childhood tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes have not been well documented, and no research has been conducted in eastern Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcome and its predictors of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia from September 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in eight selected hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Data on 2002 children with tuberculosis was extracted by using the standard checklist of the national tuberculosis treatment format. Treatment outcomes were determined according to the standard definitions of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. Data were entered into Epi Data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to examine the associations between dependent and independent variables. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: The overall successful treatment rate was 1,774 (88.6%) [95% confidence interval (CI): (80.59–97.40)]. A total of 125 (6.2%), 1,648 (82.3%), 59 (2.9%), and 19 (0.9%) children with tuberculosis (TB) were cured, completed, defaulted, and died, respectively. A high number of defaulters and deaths were reported in the age group <10 years. More children with smear-positive pulmonary TB (74.4%) were cured, while smear-negative tuberculosis had higher treatment completion rates. Being male in sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96) and those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive sero status (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.90) had a lower chance of a successful treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: In this study, thee treatment success rate was higher than the recent World Health Organization report. Those males and HIV seropositive status were less likely to have a successful treatment outcome. Therefore, efforts should be made by each health institution in eastern Ethiopia by giving emphasis on male and HIV-positive individuals.
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spelling pubmed-94029242022-08-26 Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia Weldegebreal, Fitsum Teklemariam, Zelalem Mitiku, Habtamu Tesfaye, Tamrat Abrham Roba, Aklilu Tebeje, Fikru Asfaw, Abiyot Naganuri, Mahantash Jinnappa Geddugol, Bahubali Mesfin, Frehiwot Abdulahi, Ibsa Mussa Befikadu, Hilina Tesfaye, Eden Front Pediatr Pediatrics BACKGROUND: Children are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of childhood tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes have not been well documented, and no research has been conducted in eastern Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcome and its predictors of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia from September 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in eight selected hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Data on 2002 children with tuberculosis was extracted by using the standard checklist of the national tuberculosis treatment format. Treatment outcomes were determined according to the standard definitions of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. Data were entered into Epi Data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to examine the associations between dependent and independent variables. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: The overall successful treatment rate was 1,774 (88.6%) [95% confidence interval (CI): (80.59–97.40)]. A total of 125 (6.2%), 1,648 (82.3%), 59 (2.9%), and 19 (0.9%) children with tuberculosis (TB) were cured, completed, defaulted, and died, respectively. A high number of defaulters and deaths were reported in the age group <10 years. More children with smear-positive pulmonary TB (74.4%) were cured, while smear-negative tuberculosis had higher treatment completion rates. Being male in sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96) and those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive sero status (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.90) had a lower chance of a successful treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: In this study, thee treatment success rate was higher than the recent World Health Organization report. Those males and HIV seropositive status were less likely to have a successful treatment outcome. Therefore, efforts should be made by each health institution in eastern Ethiopia by giving emphasis on male and HIV-positive individuals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9402924/ /pubmed/36034565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.966237 Text en Copyright © 2022 Weldegebreal, Teklemariam, Mitiku, Tesfaye, Abrham Roba, Tebeje, Asfaw, Naganuri, Jinnappa Geddugol, Mesfin, Abdulahi, Befikadu and Tesfaye. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
Weldegebreal, Fitsum
Teklemariam, Zelalem
Mitiku, Habtamu
Tesfaye, Tamrat
Abrham Roba, Aklilu
Tebeje, Fikru
Asfaw, Abiyot
Naganuri, Mahantash
Jinnappa Geddugol, Bahubali
Mesfin, Frehiwot
Abdulahi, Ibsa Mussa
Befikadu, Hilina
Tesfaye, Eden
Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
title Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
title_full Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
title_fullStr Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
title_short Treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia
title_sort treatment outcome of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern ethiopia
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36034565
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.966237
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