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Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease

INTRODUCTION: Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and Major Depression with Suicide Risk (MDSR) are types of depression with relevant effects on the health of the population and a potentially significant economic impact. This study estimates the burden of disease and the costs of illness attributed...

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Autores principales: Sousa, Rute Dinis, Gouveia, Miguel, Nunes da Silva, Catarina, Rodrigues, Ana Maria, Cardoso, Graça, Antunes, Ana Filipa, Canhao, Helena, de Almeida, José Miguel Caldas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36033799
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.898491
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author Sousa, Rute Dinis
Gouveia, Miguel
Nunes da Silva, Catarina
Rodrigues, Ana Maria
Cardoso, Graça
Antunes, Ana Filipa
Canhao, Helena
de Almeida, José Miguel Caldas
author_facet Sousa, Rute Dinis
Gouveia, Miguel
Nunes da Silva, Catarina
Rodrigues, Ana Maria
Cardoso, Graça
Antunes, Ana Filipa
Canhao, Helena
de Almeida, José Miguel Caldas
author_sort Sousa, Rute Dinis
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and Major Depression with Suicide Risk (MDSR) are types of depression with relevant effects on the health of the population and a potentially significant economic impact. This study estimates the burden of disease and the costs of illness attributed to Treatment-Resistant Depression and Major Depression with Suicide Risk in Portugal. METHODS: The disease burden for adults was quantified in 2017 using the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost. Direct costs related to the health care system and indirect costs were estimated for 2017, with indirect costs resulting from the reduction in productivity. Estimates were based on multiple sources of information, including the National Epidemiological Study on Mental Health, the Hospital Morbidity Database, data from the Portuguese National Statistics Institute on population and causes of death, official data on wages, statistics on the pharmaceutical market, and qualified opinions of experts. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of TRD, MDSR, and both types of depression combined was 79.4 thousand, 52.5 thousand, and 11.3 thousand patients, respectively. The disease burden (DALY) due to the disability generated by TRD alone, MDSR alone, and the joint prevalence was 25.2 thousand, 21 thousand, and 4.5 thousand, respectively, totaling 50.7 thousand DALYs. The disease burden due to premature death by suicide was 15.6 thousand DALYs. The estimated total disease burden was 66.3 thousand DALYs. In 2017, the annual direct costs with TRD and MDSR were estimated at € 30.8 million, with the most important components being medical appointments and medication. The estimated indirect costs were much higher than the direct costs. Adding work productivity losses due to reduced employment, absenteeism, presenteeism, and premature death, a total cost of € 1.1 billion was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Although TRD and MDSR represent relatively small direct costs for the health system, they have a relevant disease burden and extremely substantial productivity costs for the Portuguese economy and society, making TRD and MDSR priority areas for achieving health gains.
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spelling pubmed-94029712022-08-26 Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease Sousa, Rute Dinis Gouveia, Miguel Nunes da Silva, Catarina Rodrigues, Ana Maria Cardoso, Graça Antunes, Ana Filipa Canhao, Helena de Almeida, José Miguel Caldas Front Public Health Public Health INTRODUCTION: Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and Major Depression with Suicide Risk (MDSR) are types of depression with relevant effects on the health of the population and a potentially significant economic impact. This study estimates the burden of disease and the costs of illness attributed to Treatment-Resistant Depression and Major Depression with Suicide Risk in Portugal. METHODS: The disease burden for adults was quantified in 2017 using the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost. Direct costs related to the health care system and indirect costs were estimated for 2017, with indirect costs resulting from the reduction in productivity. Estimates were based on multiple sources of information, including the National Epidemiological Study on Mental Health, the Hospital Morbidity Database, data from the Portuguese National Statistics Institute on population and causes of death, official data on wages, statistics on the pharmaceutical market, and qualified opinions of experts. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of TRD, MDSR, and both types of depression combined was 79.4 thousand, 52.5 thousand, and 11.3 thousand patients, respectively. The disease burden (DALY) due to the disability generated by TRD alone, MDSR alone, and the joint prevalence was 25.2 thousand, 21 thousand, and 4.5 thousand, respectively, totaling 50.7 thousand DALYs. The disease burden due to premature death by suicide was 15.6 thousand DALYs. The estimated total disease burden was 66.3 thousand DALYs. In 2017, the annual direct costs with TRD and MDSR were estimated at € 30.8 million, with the most important components being medical appointments and medication. The estimated indirect costs were much higher than the direct costs. Adding work productivity losses due to reduced employment, absenteeism, presenteeism, and premature death, a total cost of € 1.1 billion was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Although TRD and MDSR represent relatively small direct costs for the health system, they have a relevant disease burden and extremely substantial productivity costs for the Portuguese economy and society, making TRD and MDSR priority areas for achieving health gains. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9402971/ /pubmed/36033799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.898491 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sousa, Gouveia, Nunes da Silva, Rodrigues, Cardoso, Antunes, Canhao and de Almeida. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Sousa, Rute Dinis
Gouveia, Miguel
Nunes da Silva, Catarina
Rodrigues, Ana Maria
Cardoso, Graça
Antunes, Ana Filipa
Canhao, Helena
de Almeida, José Miguel Caldas
Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease
title Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease
title_full Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease
title_fullStr Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease
title_full_unstemmed Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease
title_short Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—The cost of illness and burden of disease
title_sort treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk—the cost of illness and burden of disease
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36033799
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.898491
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