The value of magnetic resonance imaging-based tumor shape features for assessing microsatellite instability status in endometrial cancer

BACKGROUND: Microsatellite instability (MSI) status can be used for the classification and risk stratification of endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tumor shape features can help assess MSI status in EC before surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 88 EC patients with MSI status were retrospectively reviewed. Quantitative and subjective shape features based on MRI were used to assess MSI status. Variables were compared using the Student’s t-test, χ(2) test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test where appropriate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the logistic regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to estimate the discrimination performance of variables. RESULTS: There were 23 patients with MSI, and 65 patients with microsatellite stability (MSS) in this study. Eccentricity and shape type showed significant differences between MSI and MSS (P=0.039 and P=0.033, respectively). The AUC values of eccentricity, shape type, and the combination of 2 features for assessing MSI were 0.662 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.554–0.770], 0.627 (95% CI: 0.512–0.743), and 0.727 (95% CI: 0.613–0.842), respectively. Considering the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, eccentricity maintained a significant difference in stages I–II (P=0.039), while there was no statistical difference in stages III–IV (P=0.601). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that MRI-based tumor shape features, including eccentricity and shape type, could be promising markers for assessing MSI status. The features may aid in the preliminary screening of EC patients with MSI.