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Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The study aims to provide an eco-friendly method for the extraction of the natural pigment called “astaxanthin” from crawfish powder. Bacterial and fungal strains that are beneficial to humans were used as an alternative method of extraction instead of using chemicals. Astaxanthin co...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9404720/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081215 |
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author | Hamdi, Salwa Elsayed, Nour Algayar, Mohamed Ishak, Verina Ahmed, Mariam Ahmed, Sara Kamal, Mohamed Abd El-Ghany, Mohamed |
author_facet | Hamdi, Salwa Elsayed, Nour Algayar, Mohamed Ishak, Verina Ahmed, Mariam Ahmed, Sara Kamal, Mohamed Abd El-Ghany, Mohamed |
author_sort | Hamdi, Salwa |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The study aims to provide an eco-friendly method for the extraction of the natural pigment called “astaxanthin” from crawfish powder. Bacterial and fungal strains that are beneficial to humans were used as an alternative method of extraction instead of using chemicals. Astaxanthin concentration was determined using an analytical tool referred to as “high-performance liquid chromatography” (HPLC). The results were promising; however, future studies can provide more effective methods for obtaining better results. Several tests were done to evaluate the biological activity of extracted astaxanthin such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. Further purification of the extracted astaxanthin from crawfish exoskeleton needed to be done to assure that the results of the tests obtained were only due to the action of astaxanthin. ABSTRACT: The main challenge of astaxanthin extraction is to provide an eco-friendly method of extraction instead of chemical methods that harm human health. This study provided an eco-friendly method for astaxanthin extraction using two bacterial and fungal probiotics (Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus lactis, Candida utilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively) and determined the astaxanthin concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results showed that the highest concentration was obtained by S. cerevisiae (45.69 µg/g). Several biological tests were done on the exoskeleton containing astaxanthin of crawfish. Antifungal activity was effective against C. utilis (inhibition zone is 12.3 ± 0.5 mm). The scavenging percentage of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH scavenging percentage) was 72.1% at 1000 µg/mL concentration of exoskeleton containing astaxanthin. The Hemolysis inhibition percentage was 65% at the same concentration used previously. Furthermore, the IC50 value of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCT), and breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were 24 µg/mL, 11 µg/mL, and 9.5 µg/mL, respectively. The least cell viability percentage was 19% (using breast cancer cell line (MCF-7)) at 100 µg/mL of exoskeleton containing astaxanthin. Thus, using microorganisms can be an alternative and promising way of astaxanthin extraction. Furthermore, purification of extracted astaxanthin is essential for medical applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9404720 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94047202022-08-26 Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product Hamdi, Salwa Elsayed, Nour Algayar, Mohamed Ishak, Verina Ahmed, Mariam Ahmed, Sara Kamal, Mohamed Abd El-Ghany, Mohamed Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The study aims to provide an eco-friendly method for the extraction of the natural pigment called “astaxanthin” from crawfish powder. Bacterial and fungal strains that are beneficial to humans were used as an alternative method of extraction instead of using chemicals. Astaxanthin concentration was determined using an analytical tool referred to as “high-performance liquid chromatography” (HPLC). The results were promising; however, future studies can provide more effective methods for obtaining better results. Several tests were done to evaluate the biological activity of extracted astaxanthin such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. Further purification of the extracted astaxanthin from crawfish exoskeleton needed to be done to assure that the results of the tests obtained were only due to the action of astaxanthin. ABSTRACT: The main challenge of astaxanthin extraction is to provide an eco-friendly method of extraction instead of chemical methods that harm human health. This study provided an eco-friendly method for astaxanthin extraction using two bacterial and fungal probiotics (Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus lactis, Candida utilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively) and determined the astaxanthin concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results showed that the highest concentration was obtained by S. cerevisiae (45.69 µg/g). Several biological tests were done on the exoskeleton containing astaxanthin of crawfish. Antifungal activity was effective against C. utilis (inhibition zone is 12.3 ± 0.5 mm). The scavenging percentage of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH scavenging percentage) was 72.1% at 1000 µg/mL concentration of exoskeleton containing astaxanthin. The Hemolysis inhibition percentage was 65% at the same concentration used previously. Furthermore, the IC50 value of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCT), and breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were 24 µg/mL, 11 µg/mL, and 9.5 µg/mL, respectively. The least cell viability percentage was 19% (using breast cancer cell line (MCF-7)) at 100 µg/mL of exoskeleton containing astaxanthin. Thus, using microorganisms can be an alternative and promising way of astaxanthin extraction. Furthermore, purification of extracted astaxanthin is essential for medical applications. MDPI 2022-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9404720/ /pubmed/36009842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081215 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hamdi, Salwa Elsayed, Nour Algayar, Mohamed Ishak, Verina Ahmed, Mariam Ahmed, Sara Kamal, Mohamed Abd El-Ghany, Mohamed Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product |
title | Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product |
title_full | Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product |
title_fullStr | Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product |
title_short | Biological Extraction, HPLC Quantification and Medical Applications of Astaxanthin Extracted from Crawfish “Procambarus clarkii” Exoskeleton By-Product |
title_sort | biological extraction, hplc quantification and medical applications of astaxanthin extracted from crawfish “procambarus clarkii” exoskeleton by-product |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9404720/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081215 |
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