Cargando…

Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases

The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due t...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Beyi, Ashenafi Feyisa, Wannemuehler, Michael, Plummer, Paul J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9404867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009962
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081093
_version_ 1784773739462787072
author Beyi, Ashenafi Feyisa
Wannemuehler, Michael
Plummer, Paul J.
author_facet Beyi, Ashenafi Feyisa
Wannemuehler, Michael
Plummer, Paul J.
author_sort Beyi, Ashenafi Feyisa
collection PubMed
description The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9404867
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94048672022-08-26 Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases Beyi, Ashenafi Feyisa Wannemuehler, Michael Plummer, Paul J. Antibiotics (Basel) Review The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products. MDPI 2022-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9404867/ /pubmed/36009962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081093 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Beyi, Ashenafi Feyisa
Wannemuehler, Michael
Plummer, Paul J.
Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
title Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
title_full Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
title_fullStr Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
title_short Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
title_sort impacts of gut microbiota on the immune system and fecal microbiota transplantation as a re-emerging therapy for autoimmune diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9404867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009962
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081093
work_keys_str_mv AT beyiashenafifeyisa impactsofgutmicrobiotaontheimmunesystemandfecalmicrobiotatransplantationasareemergingtherapyforautoimmunediseases
AT wannemuehlermichael impactsofgutmicrobiotaontheimmunesystemandfecalmicrobiotatransplantationasareemergingtherapyforautoimmunediseases
AT plummerpaulj impactsofgutmicrobiotaontheimmunesystemandfecalmicrobiotatransplantationasareemergingtherapyforautoimmunediseases