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Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI
The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the most commonly studied brainstem nuclei when investigating brain–behavior associations. The LC serves as a major brainstem relay for both ascending bottom-up and descending top-down projections. Specifically, noradrenergic (NA) LC neurons not only connect global...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9405540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081085 |
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author | Zhou, Xiaoqing Alice Jiang, Yuanyuan Napadow, Vitaly Yu, Xin |
author_facet | Zhou, Xiaoqing Alice Jiang, Yuanyuan Napadow, Vitaly Yu, Xin |
author_sort | Zhou, Xiaoqing Alice |
collection | PubMed |
description | The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the most commonly studied brainstem nuclei when investigating brain–behavior associations. The LC serves as a major brainstem relay for both ascending bottom-up and descending top-down projections. Specifically, noradrenergic (NA) LC neurons not only connect globally to higher-order subcortical nuclei and cortex to mediate arousal and attention but also directly project to other brainstem nuclei and to the spinal cord to control autonomic function. Despite the extensive investigation of LC function using electrophysiological recordings and cellular/molecular imaging for both cognitive research and the contribution of LC to different pathological states, the role of neuroimaging to investigate LC function has been restricted. For instance, it remains challenging to identify LC-specific activation with functional MRI (fMRI) in animal models, due to the small size of this nucleus. Here, we discuss the complexity of fMRI applications toward LC activity mapping in mouse brains by highlighting the technological challenges. Further, we introduce a single-vessel fMRI mapping approach to elucidate the vascular specificity of high-resolution fMRI signals coupled to LC activation in the mouse brainstem. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9405540 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94055402022-08-26 Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI Zhou, Xiaoqing Alice Jiang, Yuanyuan Napadow, Vitaly Yu, Xin Brain Sci Opinion The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the most commonly studied brainstem nuclei when investigating brain–behavior associations. The LC serves as a major brainstem relay for both ascending bottom-up and descending top-down projections. Specifically, noradrenergic (NA) LC neurons not only connect globally to higher-order subcortical nuclei and cortex to mediate arousal and attention but also directly project to other brainstem nuclei and to the spinal cord to control autonomic function. Despite the extensive investigation of LC function using electrophysiological recordings and cellular/molecular imaging for both cognitive research and the contribution of LC to different pathological states, the role of neuroimaging to investigate LC function has been restricted. For instance, it remains challenging to identify LC-specific activation with functional MRI (fMRI) in animal models, due to the small size of this nucleus. Here, we discuss the complexity of fMRI applications toward LC activity mapping in mouse brains by highlighting the technological challenges. Further, we introduce a single-vessel fMRI mapping approach to elucidate the vascular specificity of high-resolution fMRI signals coupled to LC activation in the mouse brainstem. MDPI 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9405540/ /pubmed/36009148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081085 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Opinion Zhou, Xiaoqing Alice Jiang, Yuanyuan Napadow, Vitaly Yu, Xin Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI |
title | Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI |
title_full | Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI |
title_fullStr | Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI |
title_full_unstemmed | Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI |
title_short | Challenges and Perspectives of Mapping Locus Coeruleus Activity in the Rodent with High-Resolution fMRI |
title_sort | challenges and perspectives of mapping locus coeruleus activity in the rodent with high-resolution fmri |
topic | Opinion |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9405540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081085 |
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