Probing the Hepatitis B Virus E-Antigen with a Nanopore Sensor Based on Collisional Events Analysis

Real-time monitoring, simple operation, and cheaper methods for detecting immunological proteins hold the potential for a solid influence on proteomics and human biology, as they can promote the onset of timely diagnoses and adequate treatment protocols. In this work we present an exploratory study suggesting the applicability of resistive-pulse sensing technology in conjunction with the α-hemolysin (α-HL) protein nanopore, for the detection of the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) e-antigen (HBeAg). In this approach, the recognition between HBeAg and a purified monoclonal hepatitis B e antibody (Ab(HBeAg)) was detected via transient ionic current spikes generated by partial occlusions of the α-HL nanopore by protein aggregates electrophoretically driven toward the nanopore’s vestibule entrance. Despite the steric hindrance precluding antigen, antibody, or antigen–antibody complex capture inside the nanopore, their stochastic bumping with the nanopore generated clear transient blockade events. The subsequent analysis suggested the detection of protein subpopulations in solution, rendering the approach a potentially valuable label-free platform for the sensitive, submicromolar-scale screening of HBeAg targets.