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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management

Over time, molecular biology and genomics techniques have been developed to speed up the early diagnosis and clinical management of cancer. These therapies are often most effective when administered to the subset of malignancies harboring the target identified by molecular testing. Important advance...

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Autores principales: Hassan, Sadia, Shehzad, Adeeb, Khan, Shahid Ali, Miran, Waheed, Khan, Salman, Lee, Young-Sup
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9405989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009594
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10082047
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author Hassan, Sadia
Shehzad, Adeeb
Khan, Shahid Ali
Miran, Waheed
Khan, Salman
Lee, Young-Sup
author_facet Hassan, Sadia
Shehzad, Adeeb
Khan, Shahid Ali
Miran, Waheed
Khan, Salman
Lee, Young-Sup
author_sort Hassan, Sadia
collection PubMed
description Over time, molecular biology and genomics techniques have been developed to speed up the early diagnosis and clinical management of cancer. These therapies are often most effective when administered to the subset of malignancies harboring the target identified by molecular testing. Important advances in applying molecular testing involve circulating-free DNA (cfDNA)- and cell-free RNA (cfRNA)-based liquid biopsies for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and treatment of cancer. Both cfDNA and cfRNA are sensitive and specific biomarkers for cancer detection, which have been clinically proven through multiple randomized and prospective trials. These help in cancer management based on the noninvasive evaluation of size, quantity, and point mutations, as well as copy number alterations at the tumor site. Moreover, personalized detection of ctDNA helps in adjuvant therapeutics and predicts the chances of recurrence of cancer and resistance to cancer therapy. Despite the controversial diagnostic values of cfDNA and cfRNA, many clinical trials have been completed, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved many multigene assays to detect genetic alterations in the cfDNA of cancer patients. In this review, we underpin the recent advances in the physiological roles of cfDNA and cfRNA, as well as their roles in cancer detection by highlighting recent clinical trials and their roles as prognostic and predictive markers in cancer management.
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spelling pubmed-94059892022-08-26 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management Hassan, Sadia Shehzad, Adeeb Khan, Shahid Ali Miran, Waheed Khan, Salman Lee, Young-Sup Biomedicines Review Over time, molecular biology and genomics techniques have been developed to speed up the early diagnosis and clinical management of cancer. These therapies are often most effective when administered to the subset of malignancies harboring the target identified by molecular testing. Important advances in applying molecular testing involve circulating-free DNA (cfDNA)- and cell-free RNA (cfRNA)-based liquid biopsies for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and treatment of cancer. Both cfDNA and cfRNA are sensitive and specific biomarkers for cancer detection, which have been clinically proven through multiple randomized and prospective trials. These help in cancer management based on the noninvasive evaluation of size, quantity, and point mutations, as well as copy number alterations at the tumor site. Moreover, personalized detection of ctDNA helps in adjuvant therapeutics and predicts the chances of recurrence of cancer and resistance to cancer therapy. Despite the controversial diagnostic values of cfDNA and cfRNA, many clinical trials have been completed, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved many multigene assays to detect genetic alterations in the cfDNA of cancer patients. In this review, we underpin the recent advances in the physiological roles of cfDNA and cfRNA, as well as their roles in cancer detection by highlighting recent clinical trials and their roles as prognostic and predictive markers in cancer management. MDPI 2022-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9405989/ /pubmed/36009594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10082047 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hassan, Sadia
Shehzad, Adeeb
Khan, Shahid Ali
Miran, Waheed
Khan, Salman
Lee, Young-Sup
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management
title Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management
title_full Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management
title_fullStr Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management
title_full_unstemmed Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management
title_short Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Circulating-Free DNA and Cell-Free RNA in Cancer Management
title_sort diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circulating-free dna and cell-free rna in cancer management
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9405989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009594
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10082047
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