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Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with multiple aspects of daily functioning. Malingering or feigning of symptoms can be a major challenge during ADHD assessment. Stimulant medication abuse, misuse and diversion may constitute another ch...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406161/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081004 |
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author | Sadek, Joseph |
author_facet | Sadek, Joseph |
author_sort | Sadek, Joseph |
collection | PubMed |
description | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with multiple aspects of daily functioning. Malingering or feigning of symptoms can be a major challenge during ADHD assessment. Stimulant medication abuse, misuse and diversion may constitute another challenge during management. A literature search of the past 15 years on the topic continued to suggest that there are several reasons for malingering and faking ADHD symptoms. Some of the reasons include the intent to obtain prescriptions for stimulant medications for performance enhancement, to gain access to additional school services and accommodations, to use recreationally and to sell as a street drug. In some countries, patients may receive additional tax or student loan benefits. Several researchers suggested that self-report rating measures are easily simulated by patients without ADHD. They concluded that no questionnaire has proved sufficiently robust against false positives. Some clinical factors that may suggest malingering during the ADHD assessment are highlighted and some available tests to detect malingering are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9406161 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94061612022-08-26 Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion Sadek, Joseph Brain Sci Opinion Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with multiple aspects of daily functioning. Malingering or feigning of symptoms can be a major challenge during ADHD assessment. Stimulant medication abuse, misuse and diversion may constitute another challenge during management. A literature search of the past 15 years on the topic continued to suggest that there are several reasons for malingering and faking ADHD symptoms. Some of the reasons include the intent to obtain prescriptions for stimulant medications for performance enhancement, to gain access to additional school services and accommodations, to use recreationally and to sell as a street drug. In some countries, patients may receive additional tax or student loan benefits. Several researchers suggested that self-report rating measures are easily simulated by patients without ADHD. They concluded that no questionnaire has proved sufficiently robust against false positives. Some clinical factors that may suggest malingering during the ADHD assessment are highlighted and some available tests to detect malingering are discussed. MDPI 2022-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9406161/ /pubmed/36009067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081004 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Opinion Sadek, Joseph Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion |
title | Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion |
title_full | Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion |
title_fullStr | Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion |
title_full_unstemmed | Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion |
title_short | Malingering and Stimulant Medications Abuse, Misuse and Diversion |
title_sort | malingering and stimulant medications abuse, misuse and diversion |
topic | Opinion |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406161/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36009067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081004 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT sadekjoseph malingeringandstimulantmedicationsabusemisuseanddiversion |