Assessing 48 SNPs in Hypertensive Paediatric Patients and Young Adults with Review of Genetic Background of Essential Hypertension

Essential hypertension in paediatric patients and young adults is rising, mostly on account of obesity-related hypertension. Clinically, the difference between obese hypertensive and non-obese hypertensive individuals is evident; yet, the pathophysiology of essential and obesity-related hypertension is multifactorial, complex and not fully understood. The aim of our study was to obtain a comprehensive view of the clinical differences between obesity-related hypertension and hypertension in non-obese paediatric patients and young adults and to do genetic tests to possibly highlight some of the pathophysiological differences with a review of their genetic backgrounds. Four hundred and thirty-six hypertensive paediatric patients and young adults were included in the study, and a study of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, using Kompetitive allele specific PCR, was conducted. The subjects were divided into 243 non-obese participants with hypertension and 193 obese participants with hypertension. The data for the clinical comparison of both groups were collected as well. The differences in some clinical and biochemical parameters were confirmed. Genetic tests showed a significant difference in one allele frequency between both groups in five SNPs: rs6232, rs6235, rs12145833, rs59744560 and rs9568856. In rs6235 and rs59744560, a direct effect of different allele states could be implied. Obesity-related hypertension at a young age differs from essential hypertension in those non-obese. The reported genetic differences could be important in understanding the complex pathophysiology of early-onset obesity-related hypertension and should be further evaluated.