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Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In terms of the advanced stages, systemic treatments have a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406380/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14164028 |
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author | Laface, Carmelo Fedele, Palma Maselli, Felicia Maria Ambrogio, Francesca Foti, Caterina Molinari, Pasquale Ammendola, Michele Lioce, Marco Ranieri, Girolamo |
author_facet | Laface, Carmelo Fedele, Palma Maselli, Felicia Maria Ambrogio, Francesca Foti, Caterina Molinari, Pasquale Ammendola, Michele Lioce, Marco Ranieri, Girolamo |
author_sort | Laface, Carmelo |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In terms of the advanced stages, systemic treatments have allowed patients to achieve clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies have been developed and clinically evaluated with interesting results. However, on the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future. ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases have been developed and clinically evaluated. Sorafenib was the first oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2007. Subsequently, other TKIs, including Cabozantinib, Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors such as Ramucirumab and VEGF inhibitors such as Bevacizumab have been approved as first- or second-line treatments. More recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors (Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab) have been analyzed and approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. On the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9406380 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94063802022-08-26 Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities Laface, Carmelo Fedele, Palma Maselli, Felicia Maria Ambrogio, Francesca Foti, Caterina Molinari, Pasquale Ammendola, Michele Lioce, Marco Ranieri, Girolamo Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In terms of the advanced stages, systemic treatments have allowed patients to achieve clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies have been developed and clinically evaluated with interesting results. However, on the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future. ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases have been developed and clinically evaluated. Sorafenib was the first oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2007. Subsequently, other TKIs, including Cabozantinib, Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors such as Ramucirumab and VEGF inhibitors such as Bevacizumab have been approved as first- or second-line treatments. More recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors (Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab) have been analyzed and approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. On the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future. MDPI 2022-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9406380/ /pubmed/36011021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14164028 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Laface, Carmelo Fedele, Palma Maselli, Felicia Maria Ambrogio, Francesca Foti, Caterina Molinari, Pasquale Ammendola, Michele Lioce, Marco Ranieri, Girolamo Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
title | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
title_full | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
title_fullStr | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
title_full_unstemmed | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
title_short | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
title_sort | targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: old and new opportunities |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406380/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14164028 |
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