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Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancer types, which is ranked the seventh most common cancer. As OSCC is a histological tumor, histopathological images are the gold diagnosis standard. However, such diagnosis takes a long time and high-efficiency human exp...

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Autores principales: Fati, Suliman Mohamed, Senan, Ebrahim Mohammed, Javed, Yasir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36010249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081899
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author Fati, Suliman Mohamed
Senan, Ebrahim Mohammed
Javed, Yasir
author_facet Fati, Suliman Mohamed
Senan, Ebrahim Mohammed
Javed, Yasir
author_sort Fati, Suliman Mohamed
collection PubMed
description Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancer types, which is ranked the seventh most common cancer. As OSCC is a histological tumor, histopathological images are the gold diagnosis standard. However, such diagnosis takes a long time and high-efficiency human experience due to tumor heterogeneity. Thus, artificial intelligence techniques help doctors and experts to make an accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to achieve satisfactory results for the early diagnosis of OSCC by applying hybrid techniques based on fused features. The first proposed method is based on a hybrid method of CNN models (AlexNet and ResNet-18) and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. This method achieved superior results in diagnosing the OSCC data set. The second proposed method is based on the hybrid features extracted by CNN models (AlexNet and ResNet-18) combined with the color, texture, and shape features extracted using the fuzzy color histogram (FCH), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), local binary pattern (LBP), and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) algorithms. Because of the high dimensionality of the data set features, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to reduce the dimensionality and send it to the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to diagnose it with promising accuracy. All the proposed systems achieved superior results in histological image diagnosis of OSCC, the ANN network based on the hybrid features using AlexNet, DWT, LBP, FCH, and GLCM achieved an accuracy of 99.1%, specificity of 99.61%, sensitivity of 99.5%, precision of 99.71%, and AUC of 99.52%.
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spelling pubmed-94068372022-08-26 Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches Fati, Suliman Mohamed Senan, Ebrahim Mohammed Javed, Yasir Diagnostics (Basel) Article Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancer types, which is ranked the seventh most common cancer. As OSCC is a histological tumor, histopathological images are the gold diagnosis standard. However, such diagnosis takes a long time and high-efficiency human experience due to tumor heterogeneity. Thus, artificial intelligence techniques help doctors and experts to make an accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to achieve satisfactory results for the early diagnosis of OSCC by applying hybrid techniques based on fused features. The first proposed method is based on a hybrid method of CNN models (AlexNet and ResNet-18) and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. This method achieved superior results in diagnosing the OSCC data set. The second proposed method is based on the hybrid features extracted by CNN models (AlexNet and ResNet-18) combined with the color, texture, and shape features extracted using the fuzzy color histogram (FCH), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), local binary pattern (LBP), and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) algorithms. Because of the high dimensionality of the data set features, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to reduce the dimensionality and send it to the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to diagnose it with promising accuracy. All the proposed systems achieved superior results in histological image diagnosis of OSCC, the ANN network based on the hybrid features using AlexNet, DWT, LBP, FCH, and GLCM achieved an accuracy of 99.1%, specificity of 99.61%, sensitivity of 99.5%, precision of 99.71%, and AUC of 99.52%. MDPI 2022-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9406837/ /pubmed/36010249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081899 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fati, Suliman Mohamed
Senan, Ebrahim Mohammed
Javed, Yasir
Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches
title Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches
title_full Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches
title_fullStr Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches
title_full_unstemmed Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches
title_short Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Histopathological Images Using Deep and Hybrid Learning Approaches
title_sort early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on histopathological images using deep and hybrid learning approaches
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36010249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081899
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