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Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease

Reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the surveillance of patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development represent an unmet medical need. Recently, the liver-cancer-specific isoform of serine protease inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) has been proposed as a valuable biomarker for the detectio...

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Autores principales: Caviglia, Gian Paolo, Nicolosi, Aurora, Abate, Maria Lorena, Carucci, Patrizia, Rosso, Chiara, Rolle, Emanuela, Armandi, Angelo, Aneli, Serena, Olivero, Antonella, Risso, Alessandra, Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe, Fermer, Christian, Saracco, Giorgio Maria, Gaia, Silvia, Bugianesi, Elisabetta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005169
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29080431
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author Caviglia, Gian Paolo
Nicolosi, Aurora
Abate, Maria Lorena
Carucci, Patrizia
Rosso, Chiara
Rolle, Emanuela
Armandi, Angelo
Aneli, Serena
Olivero, Antonella
Risso, Alessandra
Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe
Fermer, Christian
Saracco, Giorgio Maria
Gaia, Silvia
Bugianesi, Elisabetta
author_facet Caviglia, Gian Paolo
Nicolosi, Aurora
Abate, Maria Lorena
Carucci, Patrizia
Rosso, Chiara
Rolle, Emanuela
Armandi, Angelo
Aneli, Serena
Olivero, Antonella
Risso, Alessandra
Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe
Fermer, Christian
Saracco, Giorgio Maria
Gaia, Silvia
Bugianesi, Elisabetta
author_sort Caviglia, Gian Paolo
collection PubMed
description Reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the surveillance of patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development represent an unmet medical need. Recently, the liver-cancer-specific isoform of serine protease inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) has been proposed as a valuable biomarker for the detection of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease of viral etiology. In the present study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of LC-SPIK, alone or in combination with standard serologic biomarkers (i.e., alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, PIVKA-II), for the detection of HCC among patients with dysmetabolic liver disease. A total of 120 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including 62 patients with a diagnosis of HCC and 58 with cirrhosis but without tumor, were retrospectively analyzed. The serum levels of LC-SPIK were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ImCare Biotech, Doylestown, PA). The serum LC-SPIK values were significantly different between patients with HCC (24.3, 17.6–39.8 ng/mL) and those with cirrhosis but without tumor (11.7, 8.7–18.2 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we observed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.841 for the detection of HCC; the combination with PIVKA-II further increased the accuracy to AUC = 0.926 (cross-validation). The promising results observed in the present pilot study foster additional research to investigate the usefulness of LC-SPIK for the stratification of the risk of HCC development in patients with NAFLD and advanced liver disease.
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spelling pubmed-94069392022-08-26 Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease Caviglia, Gian Paolo Nicolosi, Aurora Abate, Maria Lorena Carucci, Patrizia Rosso, Chiara Rolle, Emanuela Armandi, Angelo Aneli, Serena Olivero, Antonella Risso, Alessandra Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe Fermer, Christian Saracco, Giorgio Maria Gaia, Silvia Bugianesi, Elisabetta Curr Oncol Communication Reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the surveillance of patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development represent an unmet medical need. Recently, the liver-cancer-specific isoform of serine protease inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) has been proposed as a valuable biomarker for the detection of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease of viral etiology. In the present study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of LC-SPIK, alone or in combination with standard serologic biomarkers (i.e., alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, PIVKA-II), for the detection of HCC among patients with dysmetabolic liver disease. A total of 120 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including 62 patients with a diagnosis of HCC and 58 with cirrhosis but without tumor, were retrospectively analyzed. The serum levels of LC-SPIK were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ImCare Biotech, Doylestown, PA). The serum LC-SPIK values were significantly different between patients with HCC (24.3, 17.6–39.8 ng/mL) and those with cirrhosis but without tumor (11.7, 8.7–18.2 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we observed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.841 for the detection of HCC; the combination with PIVKA-II further increased the accuracy to AUC = 0.926 (cross-validation). The promising results observed in the present pilot study foster additional research to investigate the usefulness of LC-SPIK for the stratification of the risk of HCC development in patients with NAFLD and advanced liver disease. MDPI 2022-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9406939/ /pubmed/36005169 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29080431 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Caviglia, Gian Paolo
Nicolosi, Aurora
Abate, Maria Lorena
Carucci, Patrizia
Rosso, Chiara
Rolle, Emanuela
Armandi, Angelo
Aneli, Serena
Olivero, Antonella
Risso, Alessandra
Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe
Fermer, Christian
Saracco, Giorgio Maria
Gaia, Silvia
Bugianesi, Elisabetta
Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease
title Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease
title_full Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease
title_fullStr Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease
title_full_unstemmed Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease
title_short Liver Cancer-Specific Isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Pilot Study in Patients with Dysmetabolic Liver Disease
title_sort liver cancer-specific isoform of serine protease inhibitor kazal for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: results from a pilot study in patients with dysmetabolic liver disease
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9406939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005169
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29080431
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