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Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia

Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) and personalized medicine embrace the potential to optimize drug treatment and improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacists’ roles include contributing to genetic testing, patient counseling, and pharmacotherapies selection for superior treatment outcomes. Th...

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Autores principales: Alhaddad, Zahra Abdulathim, AlMousa, Hissah Abdullatif, Younis, Nancy S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9407761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011723
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610073
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author Alhaddad, Zahra Abdulathim
AlMousa, Hissah Abdullatif
Younis, Nancy S.
author_facet Alhaddad, Zahra Abdulathim
AlMousa, Hissah Abdullatif
Younis, Nancy S.
author_sort Alhaddad, Zahra Abdulathim
collection PubMed
description Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) and personalized medicine embrace the potential to optimize drug treatment and improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacists’ roles include contributing to genetic testing, patient counseling, and pharmacotherapies selection for superior treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the pharmacists’ knowledge, insight, and self-confidence toward PGx testing, identify their future preferred education patterns, and determine the barriers to pharmacogenomic testing implementation. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire among pharmacists working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The questionnaire was designed in seven major categories, consisting of 26 questions. Results: A total of 671 pharmacists participated in this survey. As for knowledge, only 29.8% of pharmacists had good knowledge regarding PGx, while 42.9% had poor knowledge levels. Respectable PGx knowledge was significantly higher among outpatient dispensing pharmacists (33.6%; p = 0.049) and among pharmacists who had completed PGx testing-related training or education (40.3%; p = 0.001). Considering perception, it was positive among 50% of pharmacists and negative among 19.8%. With regard to self-confidence, it was high among 39.2% of male pharmacists (p = 0.042), among 43% of clinical pharmacists (p = 0.006), and among 44.8% of pharmacists who had extra credentials (p = 0.001). The utmost favored continuing-education learning approaches were workshops or seminars. The barriers to the implementation of PGx testing included a lack of testing devices, clinical guidelines, training or education, and personnel. Conclusion: The present study revealed that pharmacists in KSA had inadequate knowledge and understanding of PGx. Nevertheless, the majority established that PGx is a valuable tool for augmenting drug efficacy and safety.
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spelling pubmed-94077612022-08-26 Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia Alhaddad, Zahra Abdulathim AlMousa, Hissah Abdullatif Younis, Nancy S. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) and personalized medicine embrace the potential to optimize drug treatment and improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacists’ roles include contributing to genetic testing, patient counseling, and pharmacotherapies selection for superior treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the pharmacists’ knowledge, insight, and self-confidence toward PGx testing, identify their future preferred education patterns, and determine the barriers to pharmacogenomic testing implementation. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire among pharmacists working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The questionnaire was designed in seven major categories, consisting of 26 questions. Results: A total of 671 pharmacists participated in this survey. As for knowledge, only 29.8% of pharmacists had good knowledge regarding PGx, while 42.9% had poor knowledge levels. Respectable PGx knowledge was significantly higher among outpatient dispensing pharmacists (33.6%; p = 0.049) and among pharmacists who had completed PGx testing-related training or education (40.3%; p = 0.001). Considering perception, it was positive among 50% of pharmacists and negative among 19.8%. With regard to self-confidence, it was high among 39.2% of male pharmacists (p = 0.042), among 43% of clinical pharmacists (p = 0.006), and among 44.8% of pharmacists who had extra credentials (p = 0.001). The utmost favored continuing-education learning approaches were workshops or seminars. The barriers to the implementation of PGx testing included a lack of testing devices, clinical guidelines, training or education, and personnel. Conclusion: The present study revealed that pharmacists in KSA had inadequate knowledge and understanding of PGx. Nevertheless, the majority established that PGx is a valuable tool for augmenting drug efficacy and safety. MDPI 2022-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9407761/ /pubmed/36011723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610073 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alhaddad, Zahra Abdulathim
AlMousa, Hissah Abdullatif
Younis, Nancy S.
Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia
title Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia
title_full Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia
title_short Pharmacists’ Knowledge, and Insights in Implementing Pharmacogenomics in Saudi Arabia
title_sort pharmacists’ knowledge, and insights in implementing pharmacogenomics in saudi arabia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9407761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011723
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610073
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