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Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries

It is a well-known fact that physical activity benefits people of all age groups. However, highly intensive training, maladaptation, improper equipment, and lack of sufficient rest lead to contusions and sports-related injuries. From the perspectives of sports professionals and those performing regu...

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Autores principales: Tarnowski, Maciej, Tomasiak, Patrycja, Tkacz, Marta, Zgutka, Katarzyna, Piotrowska, Katarzyna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13081471
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author Tarnowski, Maciej
Tomasiak, Patrycja
Tkacz, Marta
Zgutka, Katarzyna
Piotrowska, Katarzyna
author_facet Tarnowski, Maciej
Tomasiak, Patrycja
Tkacz, Marta
Zgutka, Katarzyna
Piotrowska, Katarzyna
author_sort Tarnowski, Maciej
collection PubMed
description It is a well-known fact that physical activity benefits people of all age groups. However, highly intensive training, maladaptation, improper equipment, and lack of sufficient rest lead to contusions and sports-related injuries. From the perspectives of sports professionals and those performing regular–amateur sports activities, it is important to maintain proper levels of training, without encountering frequent injuries. The bodily responses to physical stress and intensive physical activity are detected on many levels. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone protein methylation, acetylation, and miRNA expression occur in response to environmental changes and play fundamental roles in the regulation of cellular activities. In the current review, we summarise the available knowledge on epigenetic alterations present in tissues and organs (e.g., muscles, the brain, tendons, and bones) as a consequence of sports-related injuries. Epigenetic mechanism observations have the potential to become useful tools in sports medicine, as predictors of approaching pathophysiological alterations and injury biomarkers that have already taken place.
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spelling pubmed-94082072022-08-26 Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries Tarnowski, Maciej Tomasiak, Patrycja Tkacz, Marta Zgutka, Katarzyna Piotrowska, Katarzyna Genes (Basel) Review It is a well-known fact that physical activity benefits people of all age groups. However, highly intensive training, maladaptation, improper equipment, and lack of sufficient rest lead to contusions and sports-related injuries. From the perspectives of sports professionals and those performing regular–amateur sports activities, it is important to maintain proper levels of training, without encountering frequent injuries. The bodily responses to physical stress and intensive physical activity are detected on many levels. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone protein methylation, acetylation, and miRNA expression occur in response to environmental changes and play fundamental roles in the regulation of cellular activities. In the current review, we summarise the available knowledge on epigenetic alterations present in tissues and organs (e.g., muscles, the brain, tendons, and bones) as a consequence of sports-related injuries. Epigenetic mechanism observations have the potential to become useful tools in sports medicine, as predictors of approaching pathophysiological alterations and injury biomarkers that have already taken place. MDPI 2022-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9408207/ /pubmed/36011382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13081471 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tarnowski, Maciej
Tomasiak, Patrycja
Tkacz, Marta
Zgutka, Katarzyna
Piotrowska, Katarzyna
Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries
title Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries
title_full Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries
title_fullStr Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries
title_short Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries
title_sort epigenetic alterations in sports-related injuries
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13081471
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