Cargando…

Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland

Background and Objectives: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are estimated to occur in approximately 10–20% of people living with HIV (PLWH). They are more commonly observed in newly diagnosed patients and in previously untreated patients or those refusing to undergo antiretroviral treatment. C...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Janocha-Litwin, Justyna, Simon, Krzysztof
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408596/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011138
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081481
_version_ 1784774640255631360
author Janocha-Litwin, Justyna
Simon, Krzysztof
author_facet Janocha-Litwin, Justyna
Simon, Krzysztof
author_sort Janocha-Litwin, Justyna
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are estimated to occur in approximately 10–20% of people living with HIV (PLWH). They are more commonly observed in newly diagnosed patients and in previously untreated patients or those refusing to undergo antiretroviral treatment. CNS diseases can also be the first manifestation of HIV/AIDS infection. The most common HIV-related central nervous system diseases (CNS-D) are CNS toxoplasmosis, CNS cryptococcosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and HIV-associated encephalopathy treated as a neurocognitive disorder. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of available medical records was performed on 476 patients hospitalised over a period from 2016 to 2021 and diagnosed with HIV/AIDS infection at the department of infectious diseases at the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw. An additional criterion for selecting patients for the analysis was the performance of head imaging using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging on prospective patients. Results: Neurotoxoplasmosis, neurocryptococcosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and neurosyphilis were the most common CNS diseases among the analysed group of patients. Based on radiological descriptions, other abnormalities, such as vascular changes or cortical and subcortical atrophy of multifactorial origin, not exclusively related to HIV infection, were also frequently observed. The most common neurological symptoms reported in the study group were headaches, limb paresis, and gait and balance disturbance. Conclusions: The clinical picture and epidemiology of neurological manifestations in the group of HIV-infected patients under assessment were similar to the results of other authors. Given the current epidemiological situation, diagnosis for HIV infection should be considered in patients admitted to neurological departments.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9408596
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94085962022-08-26 Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland Janocha-Litwin, Justyna Simon, Krzysztof Healthcare (Basel) Article Background and Objectives: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are estimated to occur in approximately 10–20% of people living with HIV (PLWH). They are more commonly observed in newly diagnosed patients and in previously untreated patients or those refusing to undergo antiretroviral treatment. CNS diseases can also be the first manifestation of HIV/AIDS infection. The most common HIV-related central nervous system diseases (CNS-D) are CNS toxoplasmosis, CNS cryptococcosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and HIV-associated encephalopathy treated as a neurocognitive disorder. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of available medical records was performed on 476 patients hospitalised over a period from 2016 to 2021 and diagnosed with HIV/AIDS infection at the department of infectious diseases at the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw. An additional criterion for selecting patients for the analysis was the performance of head imaging using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging on prospective patients. Results: Neurotoxoplasmosis, neurocryptococcosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and neurosyphilis were the most common CNS diseases among the analysed group of patients. Based on radiological descriptions, other abnormalities, such as vascular changes or cortical and subcortical atrophy of multifactorial origin, not exclusively related to HIV infection, were also frequently observed. The most common neurological symptoms reported in the study group were headaches, limb paresis, and gait and balance disturbance. Conclusions: The clinical picture and epidemiology of neurological manifestations in the group of HIV-infected patients under assessment were similar to the results of other authors. Given the current epidemiological situation, diagnosis for HIV infection should be considered in patients admitted to neurological departments. MDPI 2022-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9408596/ /pubmed/36011138 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081481 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Janocha-Litwin, Justyna
Simon, Krzysztof
Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland
title Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland
title_full Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland
title_fullStr Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland
title_full_unstemmed Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland
title_short Neurological Disorders of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized in Infectious Departments of the Specialist Hospital in Lower Silesia in Poland
title_sort neurological disorders of patients living with hiv hospitalized in infectious departments of the specialist hospital in lower silesia in poland
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408596/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36011138
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081481
work_keys_str_mv AT janochalitwinjustyna neurologicaldisordersofpatientslivingwithhivhospitalizedininfectiousdepartmentsofthespecialisthospitalinlowersilesiainpoland
AT simonkrzysztof neurologicaldisordersofpatientslivingwithhivhospitalizedininfectiousdepartmentsofthespecialisthospitalinlowersilesiainpoland