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Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade

Despite the importance of ancient DNA for understanding human prehistoric dispersals, poor survival means that data remain sparse for many areas in the tropics, including in Africa. In such instances, analysis of contemporary genomes remains invaluable. One promising approach is founder analysis, wh...

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Autores principales: Sá, Luísa, Almeida, Mafalda, Azonbakin, Simon, Matos, Erica, Franco-Duarte, Ricardo, Gómez-Carballa, Alberto, Salas, Antonio, Laleye, Anatóle, Rosa, Alexandra, Brehm, António, Richards, Martin B., Soares, Pedro, Rito, Teresa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36012483
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169219
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author Sá, Luísa
Almeida, Mafalda
Azonbakin, Simon
Matos, Erica
Franco-Duarte, Ricardo
Gómez-Carballa, Alberto
Salas, Antonio
Laleye, Anatóle
Rosa, Alexandra
Brehm, António
Richards, Martin B.
Soares, Pedro
Rito, Teresa
author_facet Sá, Luísa
Almeida, Mafalda
Azonbakin, Simon
Matos, Erica
Franco-Duarte, Ricardo
Gómez-Carballa, Alberto
Salas, Antonio
Laleye, Anatóle
Rosa, Alexandra
Brehm, António
Richards, Martin B.
Soares, Pedro
Rito, Teresa
author_sort Sá, Luísa
collection PubMed
description Despite the importance of ancient DNA for understanding human prehistoric dispersals, poor survival means that data remain sparse for many areas in the tropics, including in Africa. In such instances, analysis of contemporary genomes remains invaluable. One promising approach is founder analysis, which identifies and dates migration events in non-recombining systems. However, it has yet to be fully exploited as its application remains controversial. Here, we test the approach by evaluating the age of sub-Saharan mitogenome lineages sampled outside Africa. The analysis confirms that such lineages in the Americas date to recent centuries—the time of the Atlantic slave trade—thereby validating the approach. By contrast, in North Africa, Southwestern Asia and Europe, roughly half of the dispersal signal dates to the early Holocene, during the “greening” of the Sahara. We elaborate these results by showing that the main source regions for the two main dispersal episodes are distinct. For the recent dispersal, the major source was West Africa, but with two exceptions: South America, where the fraction from Southern Africa was greater, and Southwest Asia, where Eastern Africa was the primary source. These observations show the potential of founder analysis as both a supplement and complement to ancient DNA studies.
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spelling pubmed-94088312022-08-26 Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade Sá, Luísa Almeida, Mafalda Azonbakin, Simon Matos, Erica Franco-Duarte, Ricardo Gómez-Carballa, Alberto Salas, Antonio Laleye, Anatóle Rosa, Alexandra Brehm, António Richards, Martin B. Soares, Pedro Rito, Teresa Int J Mol Sci Article Despite the importance of ancient DNA for understanding human prehistoric dispersals, poor survival means that data remain sparse for many areas in the tropics, including in Africa. In such instances, analysis of contemporary genomes remains invaluable. One promising approach is founder analysis, which identifies and dates migration events in non-recombining systems. However, it has yet to be fully exploited as its application remains controversial. Here, we test the approach by evaluating the age of sub-Saharan mitogenome lineages sampled outside Africa. The analysis confirms that such lineages in the Americas date to recent centuries—the time of the Atlantic slave trade—thereby validating the approach. By contrast, in North Africa, Southwestern Asia and Europe, roughly half of the dispersal signal dates to the early Holocene, during the “greening” of the Sahara. We elaborate these results by showing that the main source regions for the two main dispersal episodes are distinct. For the recent dispersal, the major source was West Africa, but with two exceptions: South America, where the fraction from Southern Africa was greater, and Southwest Asia, where Eastern Africa was the primary source. These observations show the potential of founder analysis as both a supplement and complement to ancient DNA studies. MDPI 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9408831/ /pubmed/36012483 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169219 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sá, Luísa
Almeida, Mafalda
Azonbakin, Simon
Matos, Erica
Franco-Duarte, Ricardo
Gómez-Carballa, Alberto
Salas, Antonio
Laleye, Anatóle
Rosa, Alexandra
Brehm, António
Richards, Martin B.
Soares, Pedro
Rito, Teresa
Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade
title Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade
title_full Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade
title_fullStr Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade
title_full_unstemmed Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade
title_short Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade
title_sort phylogeography of sub-saharan mitochondrial lineages outside africa highlights the roles of the holocene climate changes and the atlantic slave trade
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36012483
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169219
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