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Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is characterized by high-flow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins without capillaries. This disease shows increased angiogenesis and a pathophysiological hypoxic environment in proximal tissues. Here, we analyzed the effects of hypoxia on angiogenesis in the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408925/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36012380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169109 |
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author | Lee, Joon Seok Cho, Hyun Geun Ryu, Jeong Yeop Oh, Eun Jung Kim, Hyun Mi Kwak, Suin Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Sang Yub Huh, Seung Kim, Ji Yoon Chung, Ho Yun |
author_facet | Lee, Joon Seok Cho, Hyun Geun Ryu, Jeong Yeop Oh, Eun Jung Kim, Hyun Mi Kwak, Suin Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Sang Yub Huh, Seung Kim, Ji Yoon Chung, Ho Yun |
author_sort | Lee, Joon Seok |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is characterized by high-flow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins without capillaries. This disease shows increased angiogenesis and a pathophysiological hypoxic environment in proximal tissues. Here, we analyzed the effects of hypoxia on angiogenesis in the endothelial cells (ECs) of AVM and normal tissues. ECs from human normal and AVM tissues were evaluated using immunocytochemistry with CD31. In vitro tube formation under hypoxia was tested in both ECs using Matrigel. The relative expression of angiogenesis-related genes was measured using real-time PCR. Under normoxia, CD31 was significantly higher in AVM ECs (79.23 ± 0.65%) than in normal ECs (74.15 ± 0.70%). Similar results were observed under hypoxia in AVM ECs (63.85 ± 1.84%) and normal ECs (60.52 ± 0.51%). In the tube formation test under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the junction count and total vessel length were significantly greater in AVM ECs than normal ECs. Under both normoxia and hypoxia, the angiogenesis-related gene FSTL1 showed a significantly higher expression in AVM ECs than in normal ECs. Under hypoxia, CSPG4 expression was significantly lower in AVM ECs than in normal ECs. Accordingly, the angiogenic effect was increased in AVM ECs compared with that in normal ECs. These results provide a basic knowledge for an AVM treatment strategy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9408925 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94089252022-08-26 Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells Lee, Joon Seok Cho, Hyun Geun Ryu, Jeong Yeop Oh, Eun Jung Kim, Hyun Mi Kwak, Suin Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Sang Yub Huh, Seung Kim, Ji Yoon Chung, Ho Yun Int J Mol Sci Article Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is characterized by high-flow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins without capillaries. This disease shows increased angiogenesis and a pathophysiological hypoxic environment in proximal tissues. Here, we analyzed the effects of hypoxia on angiogenesis in the endothelial cells (ECs) of AVM and normal tissues. ECs from human normal and AVM tissues were evaluated using immunocytochemistry with CD31. In vitro tube formation under hypoxia was tested in both ECs using Matrigel. The relative expression of angiogenesis-related genes was measured using real-time PCR. Under normoxia, CD31 was significantly higher in AVM ECs (79.23 ± 0.65%) than in normal ECs (74.15 ± 0.70%). Similar results were observed under hypoxia in AVM ECs (63.85 ± 1.84%) and normal ECs (60.52 ± 0.51%). In the tube formation test under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the junction count and total vessel length were significantly greater in AVM ECs than normal ECs. Under both normoxia and hypoxia, the angiogenesis-related gene FSTL1 showed a significantly higher expression in AVM ECs than in normal ECs. Under hypoxia, CSPG4 expression was significantly lower in AVM ECs than in normal ECs. Accordingly, the angiogenic effect was increased in AVM ECs compared with that in normal ECs. These results provide a basic knowledge for an AVM treatment strategy. MDPI 2022-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9408925/ /pubmed/36012380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169109 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Joon Seok Cho, Hyun Geun Ryu, Jeong Yeop Oh, Eun Jung Kim, Hyun Mi Kwak, Suin Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Jongmin Lee, Sang Yub Huh, Seung Kim, Ji Yoon Chung, Ho Yun Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells |
title | Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells |
title_full | Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells |
title_fullStr | Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells |
title_short | Hypoxia Promotes Angiogenic Effect in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Endothelial Cells |
title_sort | hypoxia promotes angiogenic effect in extracranial arteriovenous malformation endothelial cells |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9408925/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36012380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169109 |
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