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The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
(1) Background: Aquatic exercise training is a relatively understudied exercise modality in patients with CAD; with the present study, we sought to compare the impact of short-term 14-day water- and land-based exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV). (2) Methods: We randomized 90 patients...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080251 |
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author | Jug, Borut Vasić, Danijela Novaković, Marko Avbelj, Viktor Rupert, Lea Kšela, Juš |
author_facet | Jug, Borut Vasić, Danijela Novaković, Marko Avbelj, Viktor Rupert, Lea Kšela, Juš |
author_sort | Jug, Borut |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: Aquatic exercise training is a relatively understudied exercise modality in patients with CAD; with the present study, we sought to compare the impact of short-term 14-day water- and land-based exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV). (2) Methods: We randomized 90 patients after a recent CAD event (myocardial infarction and/or revascularization within 2 months prior to inclusion) to either (i) water-based or (ii) land-based exercise training (14 days, two 30 min sessions daily), or (iii) controls. Before and after the intervention period, all participants underwent 20 min 12-channel high-resolution ECG recordings with off-line HRV analysis, including conventional linear time- and frequency-domain analysis (using the Welch method for fast-Fourier transformation), and preselected non-linear analysis (Poincaré plot-derived parameters, sample entropy, and the short-term scaling exponent α1 obtained by detrended fluctuation analysis). (3) Results: Eighty-nine patients completed the study (mean age 60 ± 8 years; 20 % women). We did not detect significant differences in baseline- or age-adjusted end-of-study HRV parameters, but aquatic exercise training was associated with a significant increase in the linear LF/HF parameter (from 2.6 [1.2–4.0] to 3.0 [2.1–5.5], p = 0.046) and the non-linear α1 parameter (from 1.2 [1.1–1.4] to 1.3 [1.2–1.5], p = 0.043). (4) Conclusions: Our results have shown that a short-term 14-day aquatic exercise training program improves selected HRV parameters, suggesting this mode of exercise is safe and may be beneficial in patients with CAD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9409327 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94093272022-08-26 The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Jug, Borut Vasić, Danijela Novaković, Marko Avbelj, Viktor Rupert, Lea Kšela, Juš J Cardiovasc Dev Dis Article (1) Background: Aquatic exercise training is a relatively understudied exercise modality in patients with CAD; with the present study, we sought to compare the impact of short-term 14-day water- and land-based exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV). (2) Methods: We randomized 90 patients after a recent CAD event (myocardial infarction and/or revascularization within 2 months prior to inclusion) to either (i) water-based or (ii) land-based exercise training (14 days, two 30 min sessions daily), or (iii) controls. Before and after the intervention period, all participants underwent 20 min 12-channel high-resolution ECG recordings with off-line HRV analysis, including conventional linear time- and frequency-domain analysis (using the Welch method for fast-Fourier transformation), and preselected non-linear analysis (Poincaré plot-derived parameters, sample entropy, and the short-term scaling exponent α1 obtained by detrended fluctuation analysis). (3) Results: Eighty-nine patients completed the study (mean age 60 ± 8 years; 20 % women). We did not detect significant differences in baseline- or age-adjusted end-of-study HRV parameters, but aquatic exercise training was associated with a significant increase in the linear LF/HF parameter (from 2.6 [1.2–4.0] to 3.0 [2.1–5.5], p = 0.046) and the non-linear α1 parameter (from 1.2 [1.1–1.4] to 1.3 [1.2–1.5], p = 0.043). (4) Conclusions: Our results have shown that a short-term 14-day aquatic exercise training program improves selected HRV parameters, suggesting this mode of exercise is safe and may be beneficial in patients with CAD. MDPI 2022-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9409327/ /pubmed/36005415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080251 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jug, Borut Vasić, Danijela Novaković, Marko Avbelj, Viktor Rupert, Lea Kšela, Juš The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
title | The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
title_full | The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
title_fullStr | The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
title_short | The Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
title_sort | effect of aquatic exercise training on heart rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080251 |
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