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The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is related to psychological distress. Such distress depends on various factors. We previously reported that hemodialysis patients have more psychological distress than peritoneal dialysis patients among patients on dialysis in the COVID-19 pandemic er...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36013016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164776 |
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author | Lee, Kyung-Mi Kim, Ji-Sun Hwang, Sungjo Cho, Nam Jun Park, Samel Gil, Hyo Wook Lee, Eun Young |
author_facet | Lee, Kyung-Mi Kim, Ji-Sun Hwang, Sungjo Cho, Nam Jun Park, Samel Gil, Hyo Wook Lee, Eun Young |
author_sort | Lee, Kyung-Mi |
collection | PubMed |
description | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is related to psychological distress. Such distress depends on various factors. We previously reported that hemodialysis patients have more psychological distress than peritoneal dialysis patients among patients on dialysis in the COVID-19 pandemic era. However, no study has reported how psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic depends on renal function in the entire group of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate psychological distress and concerns related to COVID-19 according to CKD stage. This was a cross-sectional study that included 397 CKD patients who visited a hospital from August 2020 to November 2020. Patients responded to questionnaires covering depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), psychological impact of event (22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R), insomnia (7-item Insomnia severity Index, ISI), concerns, and precautionary measures about COVID-19. According to eGFR and dialysis status, patients were divided into three groups: (1) patients with CKD stage 1~2, (2) patients with CKD stage 3~5 without dialysis, and (3) dialysis patients. The higher the CKD stage, the higher the GAD-7 (p = 0.009) and the ISI score (p = 0.001). When patients with CKD stage 1~2 and CKD stage 3~5 (with or without dialysis) were compared, PHQ-9 (p = 0.026), GAD-7 (p = 0.010), and ISI score (p = 0.002) were higher in the CKD stage 3~5 group. However, when comparing those with and without dialysis, only the ISI score (p = 0.008) showed a significant difference. More severe kidney dysfunction in CKD patients was associated with more psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, as CKD stage increases, more attention should be paid to the mental care of these patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9409632 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94096322022-08-26 The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic Lee, Kyung-Mi Kim, Ji-Sun Hwang, Sungjo Cho, Nam Jun Park, Samel Gil, Hyo Wook Lee, Eun Young J Clin Med Article The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is related to psychological distress. Such distress depends on various factors. We previously reported that hemodialysis patients have more psychological distress than peritoneal dialysis patients among patients on dialysis in the COVID-19 pandemic era. However, no study has reported how psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic depends on renal function in the entire group of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate psychological distress and concerns related to COVID-19 according to CKD stage. This was a cross-sectional study that included 397 CKD patients who visited a hospital from August 2020 to November 2020. Patients responded to questionnaires covering depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), psychological impact of event (22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R), insomnia (7-item Insomnia severity Index, ISI), concerns, and precautionary measures about COVID-19. According to eGFR and dialysis status, patients were divided into three groups: (1) patients with CKD stage 1~2, (2) patients with CKD stage 3~5 without dialysis, and (3) dialysis patients. The higher the CKD stage, the higher the GAD-7 (p = 0.009) and the ISI score (p = 0.001). When patients with CKD stage 1~2 and CKD stage 3~5 (with or without dialysis) were compared, PHQ-9 (p = 0.026), GAD-7 (p = 0.010), and ISI score (p = 0.002) were higher in the CKD stage 3~5 group. However, when comparing those with and without dialysis, only the ISI score (p = 0.008) showed a significant difference. More severe kidney dysfunction in CKD patients was associated with more psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, as CKD stage increases, more attention should be paid to the mental care of these patients. MDPI 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9409632/ /pubmed/36013016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164776 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Kyung-Mi Kim, Ji-Sun Hwang, Sungjo Cho, Nam Jun Park, Samel Gil, Hyo Wook Lee, Eun Young The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic |
title | The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_full | The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_fullStr | The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_short | The Higher the CKD Stage, the Higher the Psychological Stress in Patients with CKD during COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_sort | higher the ckd stage, the higher the psychological stress in patients with ckd during covid-19 pandemic |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36013016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164776 |
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