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Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012
INTRODUCTION: No safe detectable level of lead (Pb) exists in the blood of children. Until recently, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines designated a blood lead level (BLL) ≥ 5 μg/dL as an elevated BLL (EBLL). For the State of Kansas, early childhood blood lead burdens l...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
University of Kansas Medical Center
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409934/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36042839 http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol15.17960 |
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author | Yeter, Deniz Woodall, Deena Dietrich, Matthew Polivka, Barbara |
author_facet | Yeter, Deniz Woodall, Deena Dietrich, Matthew Polivka, Barbara |
author_sort | Yeter, Deniz |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: No safe detectable level of lead (Pb) exists in the blood of children. Until recently, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines designated a blood lead level (BLL) ≥ 5 μg/dL as an elevated BLL (EBLL). For the State of Kansas, early childhood blood lead burdens lack reporting in the literature. METHODS: Secondary analysis was conducted of passively reported EBLL rates ≥ 5 μg/dL among children ages 0 – 5 years at the zip code-level in Kansas during 2005 to 2012. Data weights using corresponding population estimates were applied to produce statewide outcomes. RESULTS: Statewide estimates of annual testing coverage in Kansas among children ages 0 – 5 years were low (9.7%). Approximately 17,000 children ages 0 – 5 years developed an EBLL ≥ 5 μg/dL each year in Kansas with a 6.9% statewide EBLL rate compared to the national rate of 3.2% for the corresponding years. Significant variations in EBLL rates were found between suburban zip codes compared to urban, urban cluster, or rural at 3.1%, 7.2%, 8.8%, and 10.0%, respectively. Among the worst outcomes in EBLL rates was observed for zip codes in southeast Kansas (13.5%) and rural areas with < 500 persons (15.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Young children in Kansas had twice the risk of developing an EBLL ≥ 5 μg/dL compared to the national rate, while higher rates consistently were seen outside of the suburbs and particularly in more rural and less populated areas. At-risk children and troubled areas of toxic lead exposure in the State of Kansas require increased recognition with improved targeting and interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9409934 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | University of Kansas Medical Center |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94099342022-08-29 Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 Yeter, Deniz Woodall, Deena Dietrich, Matthew Polivka, Barbara Kans J Med Original Research INTRODUCTION: No safe detectable level of lead (Pb) exists in the blood of children. Until recently, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines designated a blood lead level (BLL) ≥ 5 μg/dL as an elevated BLL (EBLL). For the State of Kansas, early childhood blood lead burdens lack reporting in the literature. METHODS: Secondary analysis was conducted of passively reported EBLL rates ≥ 5 μg/dL among children ages 0 – 5 years at the zip code-level in Kansas during 2005 to 2012. Data weights using corresponding population estimates were applied to produce statewide outcomes. RESULTS: Statewide estimates of annual testing coverage in Kansas among children ages 0 – 5 years were low (9.7%). Approximately 17,000 children ages 0 – 5 years developed an EBLL ≥ 5 μg/dL each year in Kansas with a 6.9% statewide EBLL rate compared to the national rate of 3.2% for the corresponding years. Significant variations in EBLL rates were found between suburban zip codes compared to urban, urban cluster, or rural at 3.1%, 7.2%, 8.8%, and 10.0%, respectively. Among the worst outcomes in EBLL rates was observed for zip codes in southeast Kansas (13.5%) and rural areas with < 500 persons (15.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Young children in Kansas had twice the risk of developing an EBLL ≥ 5 μg/dL compared to the national rate, while higher rates consistently were seen outside of the suburbs and particularly in more rural and less populated areas. At-risk children and troubled areas of toxic lead exposure in the State of Kansas require increased recognition with improved targeting and interventions. University of Kansas Medical Center 2022-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9409934/ /pubmed/36042839 http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol15.17960 Text en © 2022 The University of Kansas Medical Center https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
spellingShingle | Original Research Yeter, Deniz Woodall, Deena Dietrich, Matthew Polivka, Barbara Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
title | Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
title_full | Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
title_fullStr | Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
title_full_unstemmed | Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
title_short | Rural and Urban Ecologies of Early Childhood Toxic Lead Exposure: The State of Kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
title_sort | rural and urban ecologies of early childhood toxic lead exposure: the state of kansas, 2005 to 2012 |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409934/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36042839 http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol15.17960 |
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