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In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity
Carrageenan is a highly potent anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) agent with the potential for formulation as a mouthwash against oral HPV infection. However, its toxic effect on tissues of the oral cavity is currently unknown. This study aims to evaluate the safety of carrageenan on human cells and ti...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9410075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080502 |
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author | Alli, Babatunde Y. Upadhyay, Akshaya Zhang, Yuli Nicolau, Belinda Tran, Simon D. |
author_facet | Alli, Babatunde Y. Upadhyay, Akshaya Zhang, Yuli Nicolau, Belinda Tran, Simon D. |
author_sort | Alli, Babatunde Y. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Carrageenan is a highly potent anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) agent with the potential for formulation as a mouthwash against oral HPV infection. However, its toxic effect on tissues of the oral cavity is currently unknown. This study aims to evaluate the safety of carrageenan on human cells and tissues of the oral cavity. Human salivary gland cells and reconstructed human oral epithelium (RHOE) were used for this in vitro study. The cells were subjected to 0.005–100 µg/mL of carrageenan for 4, 12, and 24 h in quadruplicate. RHOE were exposed to 100 µg/mL of carrageenan for 24 h in triplicate and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histological analyses. All experiments had saline and 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as negative and positive controls, respectively. Carrageenan tissue toxicity was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to quantify cell viability. Tissue toxicity was further evaluated histologically by an oral pathologist to assess morphological changes. Our data showed that carrageenan did not significantly decrease cell and tissue viability when compared to the positive control. The histological evaluation of the RHOE also showed no loss of viability of the carrageenan-treated sample compared to untreated tissue. In contrast, 1% SDS-treated RHOE showed extensive tissue destruction. Our experiments suggest that carrageenan is safe for use in the oral cavity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9410075 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94100752022-08-26 In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity Alli, Babatunde Y. Upadhyay, Akshaya Zhang, Yuli Nicolau, Belinda Tran, Simon D. Mar Drugs Article Carrageenan is a highly potent anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) agent with the potential for formulation as a mouthwash against oral HPV infection. However, its toxic effect on tissues of the oral cavity is currently unknown. This study aims to evaluate the safety of carrageenan on human cells and tissues of the oral cavity. Human salivary gland cells and reconstructed human oral epithelium (RHOE) were used for this in vitro study. The cells were subjected to 0.005–100 µg/mL of carrageenan for 4, 12, and 24 h in quadruplicate. RHOE were exposed to 100 µg/mL of carrageenan for 24 h in triplicate and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histological analyses. All experiments had saline and 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as negative and positive controls, respectively. Carrageenan tissue toxicity was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to quantify cell viability. Tissue toxicity was further evaluated histologically by an oral pathologist to assess morphological changes. Our data showed that carrageenan did not significantly decrease cell and tissue viability when compared to the positive control. The histological evaluation of the RHOE also showed no loss of viability of the carrageenan-treated sample compared to untreated tissue. In contrast, 1% SDS-treated RHOE showed extensive tissue destruction. Our experiments suggest that carrageenan is safe for use in the oral cavity. MDPI 2022-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9410075/ /pubmed/36005505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080502 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alli, Babatunde Y. Upadhyay, Akshaya Zhang, Yuli Nicolau, Belinda Tran, Simon D. In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity |
title | In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity |
title_full | In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity |
title_fullStr | In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity |
title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity |
title_short | In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Carrageenan on Cells and Tissues of the Oral Cavity |
title_sort | in vitro toxicity evaluation of carrageenan on cells and tissues of the oral cavity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9410075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080502 |
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