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Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways

Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegen...

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Autores principales: Lai, Nicole Jean-Yean, Ngu, Ee-Ling, Pang, Jun-Rui, Wong, Kah-Hui, Ardianto, Chrismawan, Ming, Long Chiau, Lim, Siew-Huah, Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa, Anwar, Ayaz, Yow, Yoon-Yen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9410251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080534
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author Lai, Nicole Jean-Yean
Ngu, Ee-Ling
Pang, Jun-Rui
Wong, Kah-Hui
Ardianto, Chrismawan
Ming, Long Chiau
Lim, Siew-Huah
Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa
Anwar, Ayaz
Yow, Yoon-Yen
author_facet Lai, Nicole Jean-Yean
Ngu, Ee-Ling
Pang, Jun-Rui
Wong, Kah-Hui
Ardianto, Chrismawan
Ming, Long Chiau
Lim, Siew-Huah
Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa
Anwar, Ayaz
Yow, Yoon-Yen
author_sort Lai, Nicole Jean-Yean
collection PubMed
description Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Red seaweed, Kappaphycus malesianus, is a predominant carrageenophyte commercially cultivated in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is an important source of raw material for kappa-carrageenan productions in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the antineuroinflammatory effects of K. malesianus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the antineuroinflammatory activity of K. malesianus extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia and the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Extract with the most promising antineuroinflammatory activity was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that methanol extract has a convincing antineuroinflammatory effect by suppressing both AKT/NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways to inhibit the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without causing a cytotoxicity effect. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed two compounds: prosopinine and eplerenone. Our findings indicated that metabolites of K. malesianus are potent antineuroinflammatory agents with respect to prevention of neurological disorders.
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spelling pubmed-94102512022-08-26 Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways Lai, Nicole Jean-Yean Ngu, Ee-Ling Pang, Jun-Rui Wong, Kah-Hui Ardianto, Chrismawan Ming, Long Chiau Lim, Siew-Huah Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa Anwar, Ayaz Yow, Yoon-Yen Mar Drugs Article Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Red seaweed, Kappaphycus malesianus, is a predominant carrageenophyte commercially cultivated in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is an important source of raw material for kappa-carrageenan productions in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the antineuroinflammatory effects of K. malesianus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the antineuroinflammatory activity of K. malesianus extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia and the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Extract with the most promising antineuroinflammatory activity was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that methanol extract has a convincing antineuroinflammatory effect by suppressing both AKT/NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways to inhibit the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without causing a cytotoxicity effect. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed two compounds: prosopinine and eplerenone. Our findings indicated that metabolites of K. malesianus are potent antineuroinflammatory agents with respect to prevention of neurological disorders. MDPI 2022-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9410251/ /pubmed/36005538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080534 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lai, Nicole Jean-Yean
Ngu, Ee-Ling
Pang, Jun-Rui
Wong, Kah-Hui
Ardianto, Chrismawan
Ming, Long Chiau
Lim, Siew-Huah
Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa
Anwar, Ayaz
Yow, Yoon-Yen
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
title Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
title_full Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
title_fullStr Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
title_full_unstemmed Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
title_short Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
title_sort carrageenophyte kappaphycus malesianus inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via suppression of akt/nf-κb and erk signaling pathways
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9410251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36005538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080534
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