Diffused bladder wall calcification in a survivor with severe coronavirus disease 2019: A case report

Bladder calcification is a rare presentation that was first interpreted to be related to a urea-splitting bacterial infection. Aside from infection, other hypotheses such as schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, cancer, and cytokine-induced inflammatory processes have also been reported. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known for its provoking cytokine storm and uninhibited systematic inflammation, and calcification over the coronary artery or lung has been reported as a long-term complication. PATIENT CONCERNS: We presented a 68 years old man who had persistent lower urinary tract symptoms after recovery from severe COVID-19. No urea-splitting bacteria were identified from urine culture. DIAGNOSIS: Cystoscopy examination revealed diffuse bladder mucosal and submucosa calcification. INTERVENTIONS: Transurethral removal of the mucosal calcification with lithotripsy. OUTCOMES: The patient’s lower urinary tract symptoms improved, and stone analysis showed 98% calcium phosphate and 2% calcium oxalate. No newly formed calcifications were found at serial follow-up. CONCLUSION: Diffuse bladder calcification may be a urinary tract sequela of COVID-19 infection. Patients with de novo lower urinary tract symptoms after severe COVID-19 should be further investigated.