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Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses in HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis (CM) have not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the phenotype of CSF immune response during the course of disease and to examine relationships between phenotypes and disease severity. We prof...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9411642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36032125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.993495 |
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author | Jiang, Ying-Kui Wang, Rui-Ying Zhou, Ling-Hong Cheng, Jia-Hui Luo, Yu Zhu, Rong-Sheng Qiu, Wen-Jia Zhao, Hua-Zhen Wang, Xuan Harrison, Thomas Stephen Zhu, Li-Ping |
author_facet | Jiang, Ying-Kui Wang, Rui-Ying Zhou, Ling-Hong Cheng, Jia-Hui Luo, Yu Zhu, Rong-Sheng Qiu, Wen-Jia Zhao, Hua-Zhen Wang, Xuan Harrison, Thomas Stephen Zhu, Li-Ping |
author_sort | Jiang, Ying-Kui |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses in HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis (CM) have not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the phenotype of CSF immune response during the course of disease and to examine relationships between phenotypes and disease severity. We profiled the CSF immune response in 128 HIV-uninfected CM and 30 pulmonary cryptococcosis patients using a 27-plex Luminex cytokine kit. Principal component analyses (PCA) and logistic regression model were performed. Concentrations of 23 out of 27 cytokines and chemokines in baseline CSF were significantly elevated in CM patients compared with pulmonary cryptococcosis cases. In CM patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection, IL-1ra, IL-9, and VEGF were significantly elevated in immunocompetent cases. Cytokine levels usually reached peaks within the first 2 weeks of antifungal treatment and gradually decreased over time. PCA demonstrated a co-correlated CSF cytokine and chemokine response consisting of Th1, Th2, and Th17 type cytokines. Prognostic analysis showed that higher scores for the PCs loading pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12; and anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4; and chemokines, Eotaxin, FGF-basis, and PDGF-bb; as well as lower scores for the PCs loading RANTES were associated with disease severity, as defined by a Glasgow Coma Scale of <15 or death. In conclusion, combined inflammatory responses in CSF involving both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are upregulated in HIV-uninfected CM, and associated with disease severity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9411642 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94116422022-08-27 Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study Jiang, Ying-Kui Wang, Rui-Ying Zhou, Ling-Hong Cheng, Jia-Hui Luo, Yu Zhu, Rong-Sheng Qiu, Wen-Jia Zhao, Hua-Zhen Wang, Xuan Harrison, Thomas Stephen Zhu, Li-Ping Front Immunol Immunology The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses in HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis (CM) have not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the phenotype of CSF immune response during the course of disease and to examine relationships between phenotypes and disease severity. We profiled the CSF immune response in 128 HIV-uninfected CM and 30 pulmonary cryptococcosis patients using a 27-plex Luminex cytokine kit. Principal component analyses (PCA) and logistic regression model were performed. Concentrations of 23 out of 27 cytokines and chemokines in baseline CSF were significantly elevated in CM patients compared with pulmonary cryptococcosis cases. In CM patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection, IL-1ra, IL-9, and VEGF were significantly elevated in immunocompetent cases. Cytokine levels usually reached peaks within the first 2 weeks of antifungal treatment and gradually decreased over time. PCA demonstrated a co-correlated CSF cytokine and chemokine response consisting of Th1, Th2, and Th17 type cytokines. Prognostic analysis showed that higher scores for the PCs loading pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12; and anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4; and chemokines, Eotaxin, FGF-basis, and PDGF-bb; as well as lower scores for the PCs loading RANTES were associated with disease severity, as defined by a Glasgow Coma Scale of <15 or death. In conclusion, combined inflammatory responses in CSF involving both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are upregulated in HIV-uninfected CM, and associated with disease severity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9411642/ /pubmed/36032125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.993495 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jiang, Wang, Zhou, Cheng, Luo, Zhu, Qiu, Zhao, Wang, Harrison and Zhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Jiang, Ying-Kui Wang, Rui-Ying Zhou, Ling-Hong Cheng, Jia-Hui Luo, Yu Zhu, Rong-Sheng Qiu, Wen-Jia Zhao, Hua-Zhen Wang, Xuan Harrison, Thomas Stephen Zhu, Li-Ping Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study |
title | Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study |
title_full | Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study |
title_fullStr | Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study |
title_full_unstemmed | Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study |
title_short | Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study |
title_sort | cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of hiv-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective observational study |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9411642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36032125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.993495 |
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