Cytogenetic characteristics in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with primary myelodysplastic syndromes()

BACKGROUND: The karyotype is the important factor for the diagnosis and prognosis of primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Some previous studies have suggested that the incidence of chromosomal variations in MDS was related to race. We analyze the chromosomal characteristics in Vietnamese patients with MDS to find differences compared to other races and the association with subtypes by WHO classification. METHODS: Sixty patients with new primary MDS diagnoses underwent cytogenetic analysis and FISH for del(5q). RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (41.67%) had an abnormal karyotype at the time of diagnosis, in which 18 patients with a complex karyotype (≥3 chromosomal abnormality) represented the highest percentage (30%). The most frequent chromosomal abnormalities were +8 found in 10/60 patients (16.7%), del (5q) in 9/60 patients (15%), -18 in 5/60 patients (8.3%), only one patient had isolated del(5q) with 1.67%. Patients with abnormal karyotype had higher odds of being MDS-EB (MDS with excess blast) compared to those with normal karyotype (OR = 3.407, 95% CI = 1.164 – 9.976). Patients with complex karyotypes had a higher probability of having MDS-EB compared to those without complex karyotype (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.018 – 10.379). CONCLUSIONS: The complex karyotype was the most frequent chromosomal abnormality. Patients with an abnormal or complex karyotype had a higher probability of having MDS with excess blast. The isolated del (5q) ratio is very low compared to Europe and North Africa, but similar to China and Japan as they are the same countries in East Asia.