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Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors

Vinegar is a fermented product that is appreciated world-wide. It can be obtained from different kinds of matrices. Specifically, it is a solution of acetic acid produced by a two stage fermentation process. The first is an alcoholic fermentation, where the sugars are converted in ethanol and lower...

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Autores principales: Genzardi, Dario, Greco, Giuseppe, Núñez-Carmona, Estefanía, Sberveglieri, Veronica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9412311/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36016008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166247
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author Genzardi, Dario
Greco, Giuseppe
Núñez-Carmona, Estefanía
Sberveglieri, Veronica
author_facet Genzardi, Dario
Greco, Giuseppe
Núñez-Carmona, Estefanía
Sberveglieri, Veronica
author_sort Genzardi, Dario
collection PubMed
description Vinegar is a fermented product that is appreciated world-wide. It can be obtained from different kinds of matrices. Specifically, it is a solution of acetic acid produced by a two stage fermentation process. The first is an alcoholic fermentation, where the sugars are converted in ethanol and lower metabolites by the yeast action, generally Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This was performed through a technique that is expanding more and more, the so-called “pied de cuve”. The second step is an acetic fermentation where acetic acid bacteria (AAB) action causes the conversion of ethanol into acetic acid. Overall, the aim of this research is to follow wine vinegar production step by step through the volatiloma analysis by metal oxide semiconductor MOX sensors developed by Nano Sensor Systems S.r.l. This work is based on wine vinegar monitored from the grape must to the formed vinegar. The monitoring lasted 4 months and the analyses were carried out with a new generation of Electronic Nose (EN) engineered by Nano Sensor Systems S.r.l., called Small Sensor Systems Plus (S3+), equipped with an array of six gas MOX sensors with different sensing layers each. In particular, real-time monitoring made it possible to follow and to differentiate each step of the vinegar production. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was the statistical multivariate analysis utilized to process the dataset obtained from the sensors. A closer look to PCA graphs affirms how the sensors were able to cluster the production steps in a chronologically correct manner.
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spelling pubmed-94123112022-08-27 Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors Genzardi, Dario Greco, Giuseppe Núñez-Carmona, Estefanía Sberveglieri, Veronica Sensors (Basel) Article Vinegar is a fermented product that is appreciated world-wide. It can be obtained from different kinds of matrices. Specifically, it is a solution of acetic acid produced by a two stage fermentation process. The first is an alcoholic fermentation, where the sugars are converted in ethanol and lower metabolites by the yeast action, generally Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This was performed through a technique that is expanding more and more, the so-called “pied de cuve”. The second step is an acetic fermentation where acetic acid bacteria (AAB) action causes the conversion of ethanol into acetic acid. Overall, the aim of this research is to follow wine vinegar production step by step through the volatiloma analysis by metal oxide semiconductor MOX sensors developed by Nano Sensor Systems S.r.l. This work is based on wine vinegar monitored from the grape must to the formed vinegar. The monitoring lasted 4 months and the analyses were carried out with a new generation of Electronic Nose (EN) engineered by Nano Sensor Systems S.r.l., called Small Sensor Systems Plus (S3+), equipped with an array of six gas MOX sensors with different sensing layers each. In particular, real-time monitoring made it possible to follow and to differentiate each step of the vinegar production. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was the statistical multivariate analysis utilized to process the dataset obtained from the sensors. A closer look to PCA graphs affirms how the sensors were able to cluster the production steps in a chronologically correct manner. MDPI 2022-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9412311/ /pubmed/36016008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166247 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Genzardi, Dario
Greco, Giuseppe
Núñez-Carmona, Estefanía
Sberveglieri, Veronica
Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors
title Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors
title_full Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors
title_fullStr Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors
title_full_unstemmed Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors
title_short Real Time Monitoring of Wine Vinegar Supply Chain through MOX Sensors
title_sort real time monitoring of wine vinegar supply chain through mox sensors
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9412311/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36016008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166247
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