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Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity
Head-mounted display (HMD) virtual reality devices can facilitate positive experiences such as co-presence and deep immersion; however, motion sickness (MS) due to these experiences hinders the development of the VR industry. This paper proposes a method for assessing MS caused by watching VR conten...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9412462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015973 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166213 |
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author | Park, Sangin Ha, Jihyeon Kim, Laehyun |
author_facet | Park, Sangin Ha, Jihyeon Kim, Laehyun |
author_sort | Park, Sangin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Head-mounted display (HMD) virtual reality devices can facilitate positive experiences such as co-presence and deep immersion; however, motion sickness (MS) due to these experiences hinders the development of the VR industry. This paper proposes a method for assessing MS caused by watching VR content on an HMD using cardiac features. Twenty-eight undergraduate volunteers participated in the experiment by watching VR content on a 2D screen and HMD for 12 min each, and their electrocardiogram signals were measured. Cardiac features were statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The proposed model for classifying MS was implemented in various classifiers using significant cardiac features. The results of ANCOVA reveal a significant difference between 2D and VR viewing conditions, and the correlation coefficients between the subjective ratings and cardiac features have significant results in the range of −0.377 to −0.711 (for SDNN, pNN50, and ln HF) and 0.653 to 0.677 (for ln VLF and ln VLF/ln HF ratio). Among the MS classification models, the linear support vector machine achieves the highest average accuracy of 91.1% (10-fold cross validation) and has a significant permutation test outcome. The proposed method can contribute to quantifying MS and establishing viewer-friendly VR by determining its qualities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9412462 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94124622022-08-27 Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity Park, Sangin Ha, Jihyeon Kim, Laehyun Sensors (Basel) Article Head-mounted display (HMD) virtual reality devices can facilitate positive experiences such as co-presence and deep immersion; however, motion sickness (MS) due to these experiences hinders the development of the VR industry. This paper proposes a method for assessing MS caused by watching VR content on an HMD using cardiac features. Twenty-eight undergraduate volunteers participated in the experiment by watching VR content on a 2D screen and HMD for 12 min each, and their electrocardiogram signals were measured. Cardiac features were statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The proposed model for classifying MS was implemented in various classifiers using significant cardiac features. The results of ANCOVA reveal a significant difference between 2D and VR viewing conditions, and the correlation coefficients between the subjective ratings and cardiac features have significant results in the range of −0.377 to −0.711 (for SDNN, pNN50, and ln HF) and 0.653 to 0.677 (for ln VLF and ln VLF/ln HF ratio). Among the MS classification models, the linear support vector machine achieves the highest average accuracy of 91.1% (10-fold cross validation) and has a significant permutation test outcome. The proposed method can contribute to quantifying MS and establishing viewer-friendly VR by determining its qualities. MDPI 2022-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9412462/ /pubmed/36015973 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166213 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Park, Sangin Ha, Jihyeon Kim, Laehyun Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity |
title | Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity |
title_full | Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity |
title_fullStr | Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity |
title_short | Effect of Visually Induced Motion Sickness from Head-Mounted Display on Cardiac Activity |
title_sort | effect of visually induced motion sickness from head-mounted display on cardiac activity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9412462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015973 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166213 |
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