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Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the highly invasive bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals or by vectors, such as ticks, mosquitos, and flies. Even though it is well-known as a tick-borne disease, it is usually not immediately recognis...

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Autores principales: Troha, Kaja, Božanić Urbančič, Nina, Korva, Miša, Avšič-Županc, Tatjana, Battelino, Saba, Vozel, Domen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9412492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36006281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080189
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author Troha, Kaja
Božanić Urbančič, Nina
Korva, Miša
Avšič-Županc, Tatjana
Battelino, Saba
Vozel, Domen
author_facet Troha, Kaja
Božanić Urbančič, Nina
Korva, Miša
Avšič-Županc, Tatjana
Battelino, Saba
Vozel, Domen
author_sort Troha, Kaja
collection PubMed
description Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the highly invasive bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals or by vectors, such as ticks, mosquitos, and flies. Even though it is well-known as a tick-borne disease, it is usually not immediately recognised after a tick bite. In Slovenia, tularemia is rare, with 1–3 cases reported annually; however, the incidence seems to be increasing. Ulceroglandular tularemia is one of its most common forms, with cervical colliquative lymphadenopathy as a frequent manifestation. The diagnosis of tularemia largely relies on epidemiological information, clinical examination, imaging, and molecular studies. Physicians should consider this disease a differential diagnosis for a neck mass, especially after a tick bite, as its management significantly differs from that of other causes. Tularemia-associated lymphadenitis is treated with antibiotics and surgical drainage of the colliquated lymph nodes. Additionally, tularemia should be noted for its potential use in bioterrorism on behalf of the causative agents’ low infectious dose, possible aerosol formation, no effective vaccine at disposal, and the ability to produce severe disease. This article reviews the recent literature on tularemia and presents a case of an adult male with tick-borne cervical ulceroglandular tularemia.
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spelling pubmed-94124922022-08-27 Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy Troha, Kaja Božanić Urbančič, Nina Korva, Miša Avšič-Županc, Tatjana Battelino, Saba Vozel, Domen Trop Med Infect Dis Review Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the highly invasive bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals or by vectors, such as ticks, mosquitos, and flies. Even though it is well-known as a tick-borne disease, it is usually not immediately recognised after a tick bite. In Slovenia, tularemia is rare, with 1–3 cases reported annually; however, the incidence seems to be increasing. Ulceroglandular tularemia is one of its most common forms, with cervical colliquative lymphadenopathy as a frequent manifestation. The diagnosis of tularemia largely relies on epidemiological information, clinical examination, imaging, and molecular studies. Physicians should consider this disease a differential diagnosis for a neck mass, especially after a tick bite, as its management significantly differs from that of other causes. Tularemia-associated lymphadenitis is treated with antibiotics and surgical drainage of the colliquated lymph nodes. Additionally, tularemia should be noted for its potential use in bioterrorism on behalf of the causative agents’ low infectious dose, possible aerosol formation, no effective vaccine at disposal, and the ability to produce severe disease. This article reviews the recent literature on tularemia and presents a case of an adult male with tick-borne cervical ulceroglandular tularemia. MDPI 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9412492/ /pubmed/36006281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080189 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Troha, Kaja
Božanić Urbančič, Nina
Korva, Miša
Avšič-Županc, Tatjana
Battelino, Saba
Vozel, Domen
Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
title Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
title_full Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
title_fullStr Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
title_full_unstemmed Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
title_short Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
title_sort vector-borne tularemia: a re-emerging cause of cervical lymphadenopathy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9412492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36006281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080189
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