Pharmaceutical Prevention and Management of Cardiotoxicity in Hematological Malignancies

Modern treatment modalities in hematology have improved clinical outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, many new or conventional anticancer drugs affect the cardiovascular system, resulting in various cardiac disorders, including left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and QTc prolongation on electrocardiograms. As these complications may jeopardize the significantly improved outcome of modern anticancer therapies, it is crucial to become familiar with all aspects of cardiotoxicity and provide appropriate care promptly to these patients. In addition, established and new drugs contribute to primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases prevention. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations, preventive strategies, and pharmaceutical management of cardiotoxicity in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing anticancer drug therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.