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Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System
[Image: see text] Although studies on scaffolds for tissue generation have mainly focused on the chemical composition and pore structure, the effects of scaffold shape have been overlooked. Scaffold shape determines the scaffold surface area (SA) at the single-scaffold level (i.e., microscopic effec...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9413413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35833725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c03776 |
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author | Hayashi, Koichiro Yanagisawa, Toshiki Kishida, Ryo Ishikawa, Kunio |
author_facet | Hayashi, Koichiro Yanagisawa, Toshiki Kishida, Ryo Ishikawa, Kunio |
author_sort | Hayashi, Koichiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Although studies on scaffolds for tissue generation have mainly focused on the chemical composition and pore structure, the effects of scaffold shape have been overlooked. Scaffold shape determines the scaffold surface area (SA) at the single-scaffold level (i.e., microscopic effects), although it also affects the amount of interscaffold space in the tissue defect at the whole-system level (i.e., macroscopic effects). To clarify these microscopic and macroscopic effects, this study reports the osteogenesis abilities of three types of carbonate apatite granular scaffolds with different shapes, namely, irregularly shaped dense granules (DGs) and two types of honeycomb granules (HCGs) with seven hexagonal channels (∼255 μm in length between opposite sides). The HCGs possessed either 12 protuberances (∼75 μm in length) or no protuberances. Protuberances increased the SA of each granule by 3.24 mm(2) while also widening interscaffold spaces and increasing the space percentage in the defect by ∼7.6%. Interscaffold spaces were lower in DGs than HCGs. On DGs, new bone formed only on the surface, whereas on HCGs, bone simultaneously formed on the surface and in intrascaffold channels. Interestingly, HCGs without protuberances formed approximately 30% more new bone than those with protuberances. Thus, even tiny protuberances on the scaffold surface can affect the percentage of interscaffold space, thereby exerting dominant effects on osteogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that bone regeneration can be improved by considering macroscopic shape effects beyond the microscopic effects of the scaffold. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9413413 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94134132022-08-27 Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System Hayashi, Koichiro Yanagisawa, Toshiki Kishida, Ryo Ishikawa, Kunio ACS Nano [Image: see text] Although studies on scaffolds for tissue generation have mainly focused on the chemical composition and pore structure, the effects of scaffold shape have been overlooked. Scaffold shape determines the scaffold surface area (SA) at the single-scaffold level (i.e., microscopic effects), although it also affects the amount of interscaffold space in the tissue defect at the whole-system level (i.e., macroscopic effects). To clarify these microscopic and macroscopic effects, this study reports the osteogenesis abilities of three types of carbonate apatite granular scaffolds with different shapes, namely, irregularly shaped dense granules (DGs) and two types of honeycomb granules (HCGs) with seven hexagonal channels (∼255 μm in length between opposite sides). The HCGs possessed either 12 protuberances (∼75 μm in length) or no protuberances. Protuberances increased the SA of each granule by 3.24 mm(2) while also widening interscaffold spaces and increasing the space percentage in the defect by ∼7.6%. Interscaffold spaces were lower in DGs than HCGs. On DGs, new bone formed only on the surface, whereas on HCGs, bone simultaneously formed on the surface and in intrascaffold channels. Interestingly, HCGs without protuberances formed approximately 30% more new bone than those with protuberances. Thus, even tiny protuberances on the scaffold surface can affect the percentage of interscaffold space, thereby exerting dominant effects on osteogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that bone regeneration can be improved by considering macroscopic shape effects beyond the microscopic effects of the scaffold. American Chemical Society 2022-07-14 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9413413/ /pubmed/35833725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c03776 Text en © 2022 American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Hayashi, Koichiro Yanagisawa, Toshiki Kishida, Ryo Ishikawa, Kunio Effects of Scaffold Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny Shape Differences Affect the Entire System |
title | Effects of Scaffold
Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny
Shape Differences Affect the Entire System |
title_full | Effects of Scaffold
Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny
Shape Differences Affect the Entire System |
title_fullStr | Effects of Scaffold
Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny
Shape Differences Affect the Entire System |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Scaffold
Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny
Shape Differences Affect the Entire System |
title_short | Effects of Scaffold
Shape on Bone Regeneration: Tiny
Shape Differences Affect the Entire System |
title_sort | effects of scaffold
shape on bone regeneration: tiny
shape differences affect the entire system |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9413413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35833725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c03776 |
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