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How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission

Both directly and indirectly transmitted infectious diseases in humans are spatial-related. Spatial dimensions include: distances between susceptible humans and the environments shared by people, contaminated materials, and infectious animal species. Therefore, spatial concepts in managing and under...

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Autores principales: Lin, Chia-Hsien, Wen, Tzai-Hung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9413673/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36006256
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080164
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author Lin, Chia-Hsien
Wen, Tzai-Hung
author_facet Lin, Chia-Hsien
Wen, Tzai-Hung
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description Both directly and indirectly transmitted infectious diseases in humans are spatial-related. Spatial dimensions include: distances between susceptible humans and the environments shared by people, contaminated materials, and infectious animal species. Therefore, spatial concepts in managing and understanding emerging infectious diseases are crucial. Recently, due to the improvements in computing performance and statistical approaches, there are new possibilities regarding the visualization and analysis of disease spatial data. This review provides commonly used spatial or spatial-temporal approaches in managing infectious diseases. It covers four sections, namely: visualization, overall clustering, hot spot detection, and risk factor identification. The first three sections provide methods and epidemiological applications for both point data (i.e., individual data) and aggregate data (i.e., summaries of individual points). The last section focuses on the spatial regression methods adjusted for neighbour effects or spatial heterogeneity and their implementation. Understanding spatial-temporal variations in the spread of infectious diseases have three positive impacts on the management of diseases. These are: surveillance system improvements, the generation of hypotheses and approvals, and the establishment of prevention and control strategies. Notably, ethics and data quality have to be considered before applying spatial-temporal methods. Developing differential global positioning system methods and optimizing Bayesian estimations are future directions.
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spelling pubmed-94136732022-08-27 How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission Lin, Chia-Hsien Wen, Tzai-Hung Trop Med Infect Dis Review Both directly and indirectly transmitted infectious diseases in humans are spatial-related. Spatial dimensions include: distances between susceptible humans and the environments shared by people, contaminated materials, and infectious animal species. Therefore, spatial concepts in managing and understanding emerging infectious diseases are crucial. Recently, due to the improvements in computing performance and statistical approaches, there are new possibilities regarding the visualization and analysis of disease spatial data. This review provides commonly used spatial or spatial-temporal approaches in managing infectious diseases. It covers four sections, namely: visualization, overall clustering, hot spot detection, and risk factor identification. The first three sections provide methods and epidemiological applications for both point data (i.e., individual data) and aggregate data (i.e., summaries of individual points). The last section focuses on the spatial regression methods adjusted for neighbour effects or spatial heterogeneity and their implementation. Understanding spatial-temporal variations in the spread of infectious diseases have three positive impacts on the management of diseases. These are: surveillance system improvements, the generation of hypotheses and approvals, and the establishment of prevention and control strategies. Notably, ethics and data quality have to be considered before applying spatial-temporal methods. Developing differential global positioning system methods and optimizing Bayesian estimations are future directions. MDPI 2022-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9413673/ /pubmed/36006256 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080164 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Lin, Chia-Hsien
Wen, Tzai-Hung
How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission
title How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission
title_full How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission
title_fullStr How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission
title_full_unstemmed How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission
title_short How Spatial Epidemiology Helps Understand Infectious Human Disease Transmission
title_sort how spatial epidemiology helps understand infectious human disease transmission
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9413673/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36006256
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080164
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