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Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters
The present paper addresses the development and use of a new potentiometric electronic tongue for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural mineral waters. The electronic tongue is particularly related to the conductivity and ion content of/in the water sample. The analytical sys...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414189/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166204 |
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author | Cuartero, María Ruiz, Alberto Galián, Manuel Ortuño, Joaquín A. |
author_facet | Cuartero, María Ruiz, Alberto Galián, Manuel Ortuño, Joaquín A. |
author_sort | Cuartero, María |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present paper addresses the development and use of a new potentiometric electronic tongue for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural mineral waters. The electronic tongue is particularly related to the conductivity and ion content of/in the water sample. The analytical system is based on six ion-selective electrodes whose membranes are formulated to provide either cationic or anionic response and considering plasticizers with different dielectric constants (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether or tricresylphosphate), while keeping the polymeric matrix, i.e., poly(vinyl chloride). Notably, the absence of any ionophore in the membrane provides a general response profile, i.e., no selectivity toward any special ion, which is convenient for the realization of an effective electronic tongue. The dynamic response of the tongue toward water samples of different chemical compositions and geographical locations has been obtained. At the optimized experimental conditions, the tongue presents acceptable repeatability and reproducibility (absence of hysteresis). The principal component analysis of the final potential values observed with the six electrodes allows for the differentiation and classification of the samples according to their conductivity, which is somehow related to the mineralization. Moreover, quantitative determination of the six main ions in the water samples (i.e., chloride, nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, and magnesium) is possible by means of a simple linear calibration (and cross-validation) model. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9414189 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94141892022-08-27 Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters Cuartero, María Ruiz, Alberto Galián, Manuel Ortuño, Joaquín A. Sensors (Basel) Article The present paper addresses the development and use of a new potentiometric electronic tongue for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural mineral waters. The electronic tongue is particularly related to the conductivity and ion content of/in the water sample. The analytical system is based on six ion-selective electrodes whose membranes are formulated to provide either cationic or anionic response and considering plasticizers with different dielectric constants (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether or tricresylphosphate), while keeping the polymeric matrix, i.e., poly(vinyl chloride). Notably, the absence of any ionophore in the membrane provides a general response profile, i.e., no selectivity toward any special ion, which is convenient for the realization of an effective electronic tongue. The dynamic response of the tongue toward water samples of different chemical compositions and geographical locations has been obtained. At the optimized experimental conditions, the tongue presents acceptable repeatability and reproducibility (absence of hysteresis). The principal component analysis of the final potential values observed with the six electrodes allows for the differentiation and classification of the samples according to their conductivity, which is somehow related to the mineralization. Moreover, quantitative determination of the six main ions in the water samples (i.e., chloride, nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, and magnesium) is possible by means of a simple linear calibration (and cross-validation) model. MDPI 2022-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9414189/ /pubmed/36015961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166204 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cuartero, María Ruiz, Alberto Galián, Manuel Ortuño, Joaquín A. Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters |
title | Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters |
title_full | Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters |
title_fullStr | Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters |
title_full_unstemmed | Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters |
title_short | Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters |
title_sort | potentiometric electronic tongue for quantitative ion analysis in natural mineral waters |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414189/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166204 |
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